Subchronic toxicity of propyl paraben in adult male rats

ABSTRACT

In the current study, daily per os administration of propyl paraben [n-propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate] to adult male rats for four consecutive weeks induced severe hepatotoxicity as revealed by the significant elevation in serum marker enzymes along with a significant decrease in serum protein and its fractions. Furthermore, propyl paraben administration disturbed steroid hormones balance by suppressing serum testosterone level, with a concomitant increase in serum estradiol and an ultimate decrease in testosterone/estradiol ratio. Hepatic and testicular toxicity was furtherly attributed to oxidative stress induction, since propyl paraben altered the oxidant/antioxidant balance in both tissues. Signs of toxicity and histopathological changes in the liver and testes were observed by light microscopy of haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the potency of propyl paraben as an endocrine disruptor to induce disturbances in normal steroid balance in adult male rats. In addition, the induced oxidative stress represents a common mechanism of propyl paraben toxicity in hepatic and testicular tissues