spectrum of anatomical variations in patients with tetralogy of fallot undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization

ABSTRACT

To determine the various anatomic associations in patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization with Tetralogy of Fallot. Descriptive study. Armed forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Heart Diseases, from Jan 2012 to Dec 2012 All patients with tetralogy of fallot [TOF] who underwent cardiac catheterization were included in the study. A standard catheterization with cine-angiograms was performed and different associations were recorded. A total 200 patients underwent catheterization during 12 months. The mean age of patients was 6.3 years including 66% [n=132] male and 34% [n=68] female patients. The most common associated anomaly in our patients was major aortopulmonary collateral arteries [MAPCAS] 28% [17% significant and 11% insignificant]. The other associated anomalies were right sided arch in 10%patients, additional muscular ventricular septal defects in 4% [8] patients, persistence of left superior vena cava in 5%[10] patients, patent ductus arteriosus in 5% [10] patients, absent left pulmonary artery in 1% [2] patients and left anterior descending coronary artery crossing right ventricular outflow tract [RVOT] in 1%patients. There was no cardiac perforation, tamponade, cardiac arrest or death during this period. Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries remained the most common finding which necessitated early diagnosis and management in order to prevent long term complications