Antimicrobial resistance patterns among acinetobacter baumannii isolated from king abdulaziz hospital, Jeddah,Saudi Arabia, four-year surveillance study [2010-2013]

ABSTRACT

To carry out a retrospective study on Acinetobacter baumannii [A.baumannii] isolates and analyze its epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and nosocomial status from various clinical isolates of patients samples admitted in a tertiary care Hospital, King Abdulaziz hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The clinical specimens over a period of 4 years from January 2010 to December 2013 were identified and analyzed, by the conventional microbiology methods and/or an automated identification systems [Pheonix and MicroScan] and there covered A. baumannii isolates were segregated for further study to detect the prevalence and tested for antibiotic susceptibility patterns used the automated susceptibility systems, and/or the disk diffusion and E test methods A total 1176 A. baumannii strains out of 13440 isolates were collected from various specimens during study period. The overall proportion of A. baumannii isolates among all clinical isolates has increased throughout the study from 4.2% [N.134] in 2010 to 12.3%[N.443] in 2013. Most of the source of infections was obtained from the intensive care unit [27.3%], followed by male surgical ward [11.4%], female surgical ward [9.7%] male medical ward [7.7%], female medical ward [7.5%], renal unit [6.7%], neonatal intensive care [5.7%], pediatric Intensive care [4.9%] and lastly out patient, private ward, Ob-Gyne ward and cardiac unit were 4.3%, 2.7%, 2.5% and 2.3% respectively.cefoxitin was the most resistant agents with [100%], then ceftriaxone [92.3%], gentamicin [90.3%], cefepime [88.7%], levofloxacin [88.5%], piperacellin/ tazobactam [88.4%], ciprofloxacin [88.4%], meropenem [88.2%], ceftazidime [88.2%], imipenem [86.5%], amikacin [84.6%], trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole [69.3%], while colistin and tigecycline were with no resistance. The prevalence of MDR and PDR A. baumannii was increased throughout this study from 55% and 20%, respectively in 2010 to 67% and 33% in 2013. Trend of A. baumannii infection incidence is on the increase with increase of MDR and PDR suggests that prevention of healthcare-associated transmission of A. baumannii infection is essential