Frequency of congenital anomalies and associated maternal risk factors in the lower socio-economic group

ABSTRACT

To determine the frequency of congenital abnormalities in the lower socio-economic group and to identify associated maternal risk factors. Prospective descriptive study from January 2002 to December 2004. Out-Patient Department [OPD] of Gynae. and Obstetrics [Unit II] and Labour Room, Civil Hospital, Karachi. All patients in the lower socio-economic group who were detected to have or delivered abnormal babies. Women with an abnormal baby in-utero were identified from the Antenatal Clinic of the Gynae. And Obstetrics [Unit II] OPD or were inducted into the study after the delivery of an abnormal baby. These patients were further evaluated by taking a detailed history of the risk factors for congential abnormality. General physical examination of the mother was carried out, with detailed physical examination of the baby born with congenital abnormality. Investigations of the mother carried out included Blood Group, Blood CP and Random Blood Sugar. During the study period 246 patients delivered babies with congential malformation, making a frequency of 28/1000 deliveries. Neural Tube Defects, mainly Hydrocephalus, was the commonest congenital abnormality seen in 54.6% cases. Consanguineous marriage was found in 63.3% of cases, constituting as the leading risk factor for congential abnormalities. The incidence of congential abnormalities is high due to increased number of consanguineous marriages and non-availability of early prenatal diagnostic facilities. There is a need to improve public awareness regarding problems related to maternal age and consanguineous marriages