Hygienic effect of supplementing Orechromis niloticus farm with fresh or fermented chicken manure on: water, fish quality and performance

ABSTRACT

Nile tilapia [Orechromis niloticus] as an experimental fish were stocked into 7 groups [G] with duplicate treatment. Each group received different mixture of CM or FCM with fish ration [FR], 0 100, 25 75, 50 50 and 100 0 [% CM or FCM% FR]. Physico-chemical character of water and heavy metal load [Cu, Pb and Zn] of water and fish, as well as fish performance were measured and compared and compared with control group received only fish ration [FR]. Total volatile base nitrogen [TVB-N] was also used for determining fish quality. Unionized ammonia [UIA] was significantly high [P<0.05] at groups received FCM resulted in 100% mortality in such groups. TVB-N values were significantly [P<0.05] higher in group received 100% FCM compared to the control group. Heavy metals load [zinc, copper, lead] at water samples showed no significant difference among the examined groups, however slight decrease were observed at groups received FCM. While in fish flesh zinc only was detected above permissible limits in G4 [100%CM] and G7 [100%FCM]. Specific growth rate [SGR] percentage were lower at groups received CM and FCM