[Progeroid syndrome and mutation in LMNA gene: Report of two cases from Iran]

ABSTRACT

Two Iranian cases with very rare Progeroid syndrome are reported. The first is a 24-year-old girl who has been healthy till her 13[th] birthday. From that time she has been suffering from a progressive generalized and multi-systemic illness. The cardinal clinical findings were growth retardation, subcutaneous fat loss, skin dryness and wrinkling, scattered focal, sclerodermoid-like changes, prominence of superficial vessels, gradual loss of scalp hair and eyebrows and cardiac involvement in the form of dilated cardiomyopathy. All the above findings were suggestive of precocious ageing and the clinical diagnosis of Werner syndrome. The second case is a 6-year-old boy with typical clinical findings of Progeria or Hutchinson-gilford syndrome. The diagnoses were confirmed by molecular analysis of the samples in Washington and Marseille. In the 1st case there was no molecular abnormality in Warner's gene [WRN], but there was a mutation in the LMNA gene. The mutation was substitution of C to G in codon number 57, and the codon GCA [Alanine] changed to CCA [Proline]. So, in the codon 57 of the protein lamin A/C proline had replaced alanine [A57>P]. The mutation in the 2nd case [Progeria=Hutchinson-gilford syndrome] was a point mutation at the exon 11 of lamin A/C protein resulting in the replacement of thymine by cytosine in the nucleotide number 1824 [1824C>T]. The importance of lamins and the mechanism and pathogenesis of Progeroid syndromes are discussed briefly