Effect of diabetes mellitus on orthodontic tooth movement in a rat model

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to observe bone response in terms ofosteoclast count and orthodontic tooth movement under optimal orthodontic force in diabetic and normoglycemic rat model. This experimental study was conducted at Animal House and Histopathology Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Duration of study was June 2013 December 2013. 44 male wistar rats were included in the study and equally divided into two groups; group 1 [Normoglcemic or NG group] and Group 2 [Experimental Diabetic or EDB group]. Type-1 diabetes mellitus was induced by injecting streptozotocin [STZ] in EDB group. Citrate buffer solution was injected in NG group. Maxillary right first molar was moved mesially by applying 10 cN force using closed coil spring. All rats were euthanized on the 21st day after placement of the appliance. The orthodontic tooth movement was recorded by digital vernier caliper. Maxillae of the rats were dissected along with the molar teeth. Serial transverse sections of each maxilla in the interradicular bone at furcation area of first molar distobuccal root of control and appliance side were obtained for quantification of osteoclasts by histomorphometric study. Results showed that mean osteoclast count was significantly more in EDB group as compared to NG group, while no osteoclast was found on the non-appliance control side of both groups. Mean orthodontic tooth movement of rats in EDB group was significantly higher than NG group. It was concluded that Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus result in greater orthodontic tooth movement and increased osteoclasts as compared to normal subjects: