Periodontal involvement in leukocyte adhesion deficiency: review of the literature and a case report

ABSTRACT

Objective: leukocyte adhesion deficiency [LAD] is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited disorder; LAD-I which is the most common type, occurs due to mutations in the CD18 gene. This mutation down-regulates the expression of [sharp S]2 integrin leukocyte cell surface molecules, which are necessary for the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells, transendothelial migration, and chemotaxis. The major symptoms are recurrent severe bacterial infections without pus formation, recurrent or progressive necrotizing soft tissue infections, marked leukocytosis and severe progressive periodontitis accompanied by alveolar bone loss, periodontal pockets, and partial or total early loss of primary and permanent teeth