Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy intervention for the management of stone disease

ABSTRACT

Background: The role of ureteroscopy has dramatically evolved over the past twenty years driven by profound enhancement in various factors and assisting techniques such as the ureteroscope size, deflection capabilities, video-imaging, and in lithotripsy [stone breakage] with the advent of holmium laser, however, the stone size plays a critical role in determining outcomes and operative approach: