Optimizing CRISPR cas9 genome editing system: a review

ABSTRACT

CRISPR Cas9 is highly advanced genome editing technology extensively used for the modifications of genetic components in various sectors of living organisms. This technology has been adapted from the prokaryotic immune system, where it plays a vital role in protecting bacteria and archaea from virus attacks. This robust technology has currently been proven efficient in selective and precise editing, the genome of different living organisms for different purposes ranging from therapeutic, diagnostic to programmable gene regulation. This technology has been continuously upgraded, enhancing its performance thus reducing unfavorable outcomes. Customizing this technology is not a piece of cake. Hundreds of thousands of experiments have been conducted all around the world to optimize this highly intellectual technology to make it an error prone programmable technology to serve each and every living kind. In this review, we have summarized the modifications that have been made in different components of CRISPR cas9 system, engineering of CRISPR Cas9 for specific purposes, different external factors that has to be considered to obtain the best possible outcome minimizing the hazards