Causes and treatment of tonsillitis

ABSTRACT

Sore throats can have a range of causes. Common cold viruses are usually to blame. In rarer cases, sore throats are caused by an infection of the tonsils [tonsillitis]. This infection is often bacterial, or sometimes viral. But it isn't easy to tell what kind of germs is responsible for the infection. Children and teenagers are much more susceptible to tonsillitis than adults are. Tonsillitis is inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils. The inflammation usually extends to the adenoid and the lingual tonsils; therefore, the term pharyngitis may also be used. Most cases of bacterial tonsillitis are caused by group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes [GABHS]. Tonsillitis of viral origin is usually treated with supportive care. We describe the anatomic features and the immunologic function of the palatine tonsils, including a detailed discussion of history and physical examination findings, treatment, and possible complications of acute tonsillitis. Establishing an accurate diagnosis and initiating appropriate treatment are key components of managing this common pathologic process