Effect of colchicine drug and water extract of peganum harmaia seeds on the induction of chromosome abnormality and mutation in peas plant

ABSTRACT

In the late times, uses of flowering plant extraction has been noted in punlic medicine beacuse of their clear roles to modifiy mutagens activity. Both colchicum autumnale and peganum harmala are wild type plants and they had widely uses in many medicine purposes. This plants earned good reputation during the old testaments as an important source for drugs. Some research studies indicate to the harmaia and colchisines drug have harmful effect on chromosome vehaviour, thus study presented to find the basic information on this medicinal plants, in addition to give answer on an important question. do water extract of harmala seed and colchicines drug have harmful effect on chromosome beahvior? and do both extractions are chemicals mutagens? Study carried out on pea's seed that soaked in coilchicine solution and water of harmala seeds[individually] and at concentraion of0.05%for 24 hours. seeds left to grow for a month, reaing for grwoth measurments recorded. For slides preparation, root tip of peas seed soaked in colichicine solution and water extraction of harmala seeds [0.005%] for 24 hours.In the next days, root tip fixed for 24 hours carony's fixative then transfered to new fixative [96% ethanol] and store at 4c. root tip were separated for slides preparaion and to study the effect of colichicines and water extraction of harmala seeds on chromosome behaviour. Chromosome were stained by Glemsa stain then examined by using microscopic lens [100x]. The result of this study illustrated that chromosome behaviours was abnormal in samples that soaked in water extract of harmala seeds at conecentraions of[0.05%], therfore, chromomsome stickness and unfolding chromosome [in prophase], stickiness, Disturbed and chromosome breakage [in meatphase] stichiness anaphase, deleting in some genetic material and multiple nucleuses[in tetophase] has detected, also deformation in chromosome change the pposition of the genetic material and deformation in morphological structures of divided cell were noticed. Treatment of peas seed by water extract of harmaia seeds at conecntraion of [0.05%] caused ipmrovments in plants grwoth parameters thus abundance of root and early formation in tendril and leaves were seen when it compared with controllws plant. Colchicines drug at concentraion 0.005% affected plant growth however total of plant length reduced significantly also mutation as dwarfing, Rosseting and tumor has been noticed.In addition deforamtion of cell and chromosome abnoramlity included chromosome stickiness and unfolding chromosome [in prophase], stichkiness, Disturbed chromosome[in metaphase], stichkines and chromosome bridge[in anaphase], Micronucleus and multiple nucleus [in tetmmended that care tetophase] has detected. It could be recommended that care sould be taken when using such a drug also it should be discard plants that treated with colichines and water extract of harmala seeds in especial scrap places