[Evaluation of heavy metals in tobacco and hookah water used in coffee houses in Sanandaj city in 2017]

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Tobacco use in various ways such as cigarettes, hookahs, and nas is one of the most important and preventable factors in illness, disability and premature death in the world. Considering the importance of hookah consumption and its impact on the health of people in the community, studies in this regard will be significant. In this regard, the aim of present study was to determine the levels of heavy metals [zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], lead [Pb], cadmium [Cd], arsenic [As], and mercury [Hg]] in the tobacco and hookah water used in cafes in Sanandaj city in 2017