Histological study of the effect of contaminated food by mycotoxin AFBI and CPA in albino rats

ABSTRACT

Fungal flora of mixed food belonging to Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium and Rbizopus species were the most frequently isolated, from mixed poultry feed, especially A. flvus This study was conducted to determine whether exposure to cyclopiazonic acid [CPA] and Aflatoxin[B1] [AFB1] wouId alter the toxicity with exposure to either toxin individually. Seventy-two adult rats of both sexes were used, classified into 6 groups, 12 for each. The groups were dosed 0, 0.1 and 4 mg/kg B. W. [CPA cyclopiazonic acid] and 0, 0.1 and 0.1 mg/kg B. W. [AFB1 Aflatoxin [B1]] daily for 3 successive doses for each group. 6 rats of each group were sacrificed alter 4 days from the initial dose, the remainder were left for a recovery period of 4 days prior to being killed. Small pieces of liver, kidney and spleen were processed histologically and paraffin sections were stained, then examined microscopically. Grossly, loss of weight of the rats receiving 0.2 mg/kg B. W. aflatoxin within 24 hours from the first dose and food consumption was 60% of controls. Rats of recovery lost 31-38 gm of their weights, the food consumption was 50%. In groups receiving CPA, food consumption was 75 of controls. Microscopically, the liver showed severe interstitial haemorrhages and lymphocytosis in the portal tracts in [lethal doses]. In animals receiving low doses, focal areas of haemorrhages were discerned with some lymphocytic infiltration, while in animals of [one dose], there were hypertrophied liver cells with many pyknotic nuclei of many cells. The kidneys of one dose had congested cortical blood vessels with pyknotic nuclei in the epithelial cell of the renal tubules. In [lethal doses], the congestion of renal tissue blood vessels was not so extensive as in the liver which was the most organ to be affected. The spleen, revealed delayed red pulp area on the expense of the white pulp in the lethal dose. In other doses, only vacuolation of many large Iympbocytes were seen in the splenic follicles