Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern of urinary and serum proteins in some chronic renal diseases

ABSTRACT

In this study, urinary and serum proteins in control, CRF and nephrotic groups are fractionated into 11 fractions arranged from the anodal side on polyacrylamide gel electrophoressis. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that 1- In chronic renal failure group, both quantitative and qualitative changes in serum and urinary proteins occur. There is a very highly significant increase in urinary total proteins, F1[1] F[5] and F[6] as well as a highly significant increase in urinary F4 and a significant increase in urinary F[2]. On the other hand there is a highly significant decrease in serum total proteins and F6. Also, there is a highly significant decrease in F[2] and F[6]. On the other hand, there is a highIy significant increase in serum F1 and F9. F10 and F11 are present only in CRF group but not in control or nephrotic groups. 2- In nephrotic group, there is a very highly significant increase in urinary total proteins, F1, F3, F5 and F6 as well as a highly significant increase in F[2]. The urinary protein F7, F8 and F9 are present in nephrotic group but F[10] and F[11] are absent. As for serum, there is a very highly significant decrease in serum total proteins. F[2] and F[6]. a highly significant decrease in F[5] and a significant increase in F9 and absence of F[10] and F11 which are present in CRF group only. 3 In CRF group, there is a highly significant increase in serum F 1, which may be B2 microglobulin and may be of value in the genesis of symptoms in CRF. 4 Considering urinary F3, which is most probably transferrin, it showed a very highly significant increase in nephrotic group, but insignificant change in CRF group. So, it may be considered as an indicator for pathological glomerular proteinuria. 5 As regards urinary F4 which is most probably B-globulin, it showed a highly significant increase in CRF group but insignificant change in nephrotic group. This may be of value in diagnosis and differntiation between CRF and nephrotic syndrome.6- F7, F8 and F9 are most probably IgM. These fractions are present in urine of CRF and nephrotic group, but absent in urine of control group because they can not pass through the normal glomerular membrane. 7- There is a highly significant increase in serum F9 in CRF group. This fraction is of a large molecular weight and essentially unfilterable and may have a role in the genesis of renal failure symptoms. It is concluded that fraction of urinary as well as serum proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis may be of high value in diagnosis and prognosis of renal disease status. The increase in urinary F3 is an indicator of glomerular proteinuria which occurs in nephrotic syndrome and the increase in urinary F4 is an indicator of tubular proteinuria and may be of diagnostic value in chronic renal failure