Comparative study between cytology and DOT eliza for early detection of bladder cancer

ABSTRACT

A newly developed monoclonal antibody CK1K10 to keratinized grade 1 squamous cell carcinoma was used in a dot enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [dot ELISA] to test urine samples of 118 patients with bladder carcinoma, 291 patients with genitourinary pathology other than bladder carcinoma, in addition to 550 healthy controls. The overall sensitivity of the dot ELISA was 90% among 118 patients with bladder carcinoma. 82% of the transitional cell carcinoma, 96% of the squamous cell carcinoma, 70% of the undifferentiated tumors and 100% of the adenocarcinoma were positive with this assay. The specificity was 90% in the sample population [negative predictive value = 98%]. A comparative study of diagnosis by cytology and dot ELISA was carried out in 57 patients with bladder carcinoma. Dot ELISA was found to be superior as a screening tool for high risk groups [P value <0.001 using Chi square test]. Cytology detected 21% of transitional cell carcinoma, 68% of squamous cell carcinoma, 50% of adenocarcinoma and 86% of undifferentiated tumors. The dot ELISA assay should be useful for screening high risk groups since it does not require sophisticated equipment, is noninvasive, does not require highly trained staff and can be performed in less than 30 minutes