Optimizing of drinking water distribution systems

ABSTRACT

Many techniques were developed to analyze the hydraulic flow and pressure of water in pipe network. It solves the same bases of specific assumption of fixed condition. The able methods require initial estimates for the flow distribution or junction pressure. On the hand widely different estimates from the true values can significantly slow down the .ergence. Several changes in the pipe sizes must be mathematically tried before the aulic performance of the network is satisfied. Even then, the solution may be remote from actual optimum. In many cities in developing countries the peak water demand exceeds the acity of the installed treatment plant. The water demands are continuously fluctuated at Deferent parts of the network according to the local available head. Therefore, these methods of analysis are check rather than optimization techniques. Nevertheless, optimization procedures for such system are not established yet. A systematic design approach for moderate and large drinking water distribution systems is evolved and presented in this paper. It provides a useful to minimize the capital and runing costs of the operated system. It also provides a simple .optimization routine. The direction and diameter of main pipe line of the distribution system can determined. Also, it discusses the methods used to flatten the hydraulic surface over the network which stimulate minimal pumping head. The elevated water tanks can also be allocated To the optimum position and elevation