Dyslipidemias in type II diabetes mellitus patients in a teaching hospital of Lahore, Pakistan

ABSTRACT

To know the pattern of dyslipidemias amongst type II diabetic patients. Design: Observational study. Setting: Hospital based study on type II diabetic patients, who were either admitted or reported to outpatient department/diabetic clinic on take days of Unit-I of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Subjects: One hundred consecutive type II diabetics between the age of 40-70 years. Those who had hyperlipidemia due to other causes e.g. nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism and type-I diabetes mellitus were excluded. Main Outcome Measures: Dyslipidemias One hundred patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Out of these 64% were females and 36% were males. The age range was 41-70 years with mean of 56.1 +/- 9.38. Out of these 100 patients, duration of diabetes mellitus of less than 10 years was noted in 43% of patients and more than 10 years in 57%. Random blood sugar was 229.34 +/- 6.23 and fasting blood sugar was 153.5 +/- 4.45 when it was seen in the total study subjects, random blood sugar 210.51 +/- 7.68 and fasting blood sugar 143.83 +/- 5.35 in sub group whose duration of illness was less than 10 years. In sub group whose DM was for more than 10 years random blood sugar was 257.91 +/- 12.81 and fasting blood sugar was 171.21 +/- 8.14. Serum cholesterol was 226.88 +/- 18.48 in the patients as one group, in illness of less than 10 years, it was 191.72 +/- 5.72 and in illness of more than 10 years duration it was 213.11 +/- 6.70. Serum triglyceride in illness of less than 10 years duration was 191.83 +/- 8.05 and where it was more than 10 years, it was 210.04 +/- 8.90. Serum HDL-C was 36.25 +/- 0.45 in patients illness of less than 10 years and 35.57 +/- 0.60 in more than 10 years. Serum LDL - C was 127.1 +/- 3.99 in patients with less than 10 years of diabetes mellitus and 147.5 +/- 5.20 in patients with more than 10 years of illness. Fifty-eight patients were hypertensive, 43% of the male patients were smokers. Conclusions: Diabetic dyslipidemia is an important cause of morbidity. Duration of diabetes is associated with higher incidence of dyslipidemia. Type II DM is associated with a marked increase in the risk of CHD. Dyslipidemia is believed to be a major cause of increased risk. In this study we found elevated total serum cholesterol, LDL-C but normal HDL-C. Patients should be educated to get checked regularly for lipid abnormalities and if found to be abnormal, should control blood sugar and lipids very effectively