Evaluation study of tuberculosis risk in patients with end stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis

ABSTRACT

Because of Immunity defect patients with end stage renal disease [ESRD] are at increased risk of developing infections, tuberculosis [TB] in particular. The incidence of TB is higher in dialysis patients than in general population, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevelance of TB among ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis and to assess its risk factors and clinical features. The present study controlled 203 patient on haemodialysis. They were subjected to history taking clinical examination chest x-ray routine laboratory investigations, mycobacteriological examination, BACTEC culture, PCR for a valuable samples. The results showed that the prevalence of tuberculosis in patients undergoing haemodialysis was 10.96%. Total tuberculin positivity was detected in [13.6%] with [75.1%] positive in tuberculous cases versus [7.2%] in non tuberculous patients. This difference was statistically significant [P < 0.05]. The sensitivity and specificity of tuberculin test was [75.12%], [78%] respectively, while for ZN stain it was [85.7%], [100%] respectively, anti for PCR it was [95.24%]. [96%] respectively Diabetus mellitus as found to be the aetiology of renal failure in patients who developed tuberculosis in [47.69%], Hepatitis B was found in [28.56%], and hepatitis C in 42.86%. TB screening of patient population's undergoing dialysis is advisable. The ESRD population has an increased risk of TB with a greater frequency of extrapulmonary presentations and fever. Enhanced a awareness of TB in the ESRD population, early diagnosis and treatment are very important in order to improve the outcomes: