Electron microscopical study of the possibility of recovery of the kidney of albino mice following the injection by the NSAID Diclofenac Sodium [Rheumarene]

ABSTRACT

The NSAIDs are heterogeneous group of chemical compounds, being useful for the prophylaxis of many cases of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and other inflammatory disorders. Nonetheless, many reports referred to their deleterious effects on some body organs. The present investigation aims to illustrate the noxious impacts following administration the NSAID "rheumarene" on the ultrastructutre of the kidney of albino mice as well as the possibility of recovery or regeneration after drug abstinence. Fifty adult male albino mice were divided into five groups. Group I served as a control group. Group II was injected intramuscularly with the therapeutic dose [1.5 mg/kg body weight] of the NSAID "rheumarene" for two weeks. Group III was treated with the therapeutic dose of the NSAID "rheumarene" for three weeks. Group IV was injected with double the therapeutic dose of the NSAID "rheumnarene" for three weeks. Group V was given the therapeutic dose for three weeks and then left untreated for further 6 weeks in order to see the possibility of recovery after drug withdrawal. After each treatment period, kidney specimens were processed, examined by TEM and showed the following results. The renal corpuscles illustrated devastation of the parietal epithelial cells of Bowmnanis capsules, dilatation of the glomerular capillaries and focal fusion of the podocytes secondary f processes. The proximal and distal convoluted tubular cells showed erosion of the microvilli of their apical borders and aggregation of hyaline and cellular casts in the tubular lumen and swelling of the mitochondria in treated group II. The results were more extensive in treated groups III and IV. In recovering group [V], the renal corpuscles partially restored their normal construction in spite of the presence of deteriorated glomerular capillaries. The proximal and distal convoluted tubular cells manifested rather normal microvilli of their apical borders and few tubular casts were still located in their lumina.Their cytoplasm showed deteriorated mitochondria as well as some lysosomes. Such alterations of the ultrastructure of the kidney is not easy to recover rapidly after drug withdrawal and it may take very long period to attain such complete regeneration