Effect of exercise on the changes of skeletal muscle fibers due to induced type ii diabetes mellitus light and electron microscopic study

ABSTRACT

Type II diabetes is one of the most common chronic health problems characterized by insulin resistance. Unfortunately, this resistance is increasing at a very rapid rate due to changing lifestyles. Physical exercise could potentially contribute to prevention or delay of type II diabetes complications. This study focused on role of exercise in controlling skeletal muscle fibers changes due to type II diabetes. Forty adult male albino rats were used and divided into two groups Group I [control group] included Ia and lb subgroups. Group II [diabetic group] included IIa, IIb subgroups. Type II diabetes was induced in group II by intake of 50% fructose solution for 8 weeks. In subgroups Ib and IIb, rats underwent an exercise swimming program for 4 weeks. In subgroup IIa, blood glucose level was elevated. Some muscle fibers appeared degenerated with homogeneous sarcoplasm and loss of striations. The mitochondrial content was decreased. With electron microscopy, mitochondria appeared pleomorphic and myofilaments were disrupted. In subgroup IIb, exercise greatly attenuated the histological changes seen in subgroup IIa. The skeletal muscle fibers had more or less similar appearance to control group. This work proved that exercise has a great role in controlling skeletal muscle structural changes due to type II diabetes