Surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: anterior versus posterior approaches

ABSTRACT

Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy [CSM] remains controversial. Several approaches have been advocated to treat cervical spondylotic myelopathy including anterior, posterior and combined approaches. The aim of this study was to review the clinical and imaging varieties of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and their influence on choosing the appropriate surgical approach. Fifty five cases with cervical spondylotic myelopathy operated upon at the neurosurgery department, Alexandria University were reviewed. The different clinical and imaging features were analyzed, and parameters for choice of surgical approach were addressed. Among all patients with CSM, neck pain was present in 49%, brachialgia in 67%, mild myelopathy in 44% and moderate myelopathy in 56%. Following cervical laminectomy, neck pain improved in 50% and remained stationary in 50%; brachialgia recovered in 33%, improved in 50% and remained stationary in 17%; mild myelopathy showed good outcome in 80% and fair outcome in 20%; whereas moderate myelopathy showed good outcome in 20%, fair outcome in 60% and poor outcome in 20%. Following anterior discectomy with fusion, neck pain recovered in 28.5%, improved in 38% and remained stationary in 28.5%; brachialgia recovered in 58.5%, improved in 31% and remained stationary in 10.5%; mild myelopathy showed excellent outcome in 17%, good outcome in 58% and fair outcome in 25%; whereas moderate myelopathy showed good outcome in 35%, fair outcome in 30% and poor outcome in 35%. Following cervical laminoplasty, neck pain improved in 100%; brachialgia remained stationary in 100%; mild myelopathy showed good outcome in 100%; whereas moderate myelopathy showed fair outcome in 50% and poor outcome in 50%. Early surgical intervention for CSM is associated with higher recovery rate. Selection of surgical approach depends on age, cord morphology, and spine geometry mostly spinal curve and canal diameter. The presense of cervical spine instability necessitates complementation of spine decompression with spine fixation