Characteristics and etiology of zygomatic complex fractures

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine Etiology and Characteristics of Zygomatic complex fracture [ZMC]. Forty patients of zygomatic bone fracture were evaluated by history, clinical and radiological examination. The most common cause of ZMC fractures was road traffic accident [RTA] 52.5%[n=21], followed by fall 17.5% [n=7], fire arm injury [FAI] 15%[n=6], interpersonal violence [IPV] 7.5%[n=3], occupational trauma and sport injuries 5%[n=2] and 2.5%[n=1] respectively. The most common characteristic of ZMC fractures recorded in this study was flattening of cheek, 92.5%[n=37] and subconjunctival hemorrhage 92.5%[n=37] respectively, followed by abnormal nerve sensibility 90%[n=36],periorbital ecchymosis 87.5%[n=35], epistaxis 55% [n= 18], limited mouth opening 50% [n=20] and diplopia 27.5% [n=11]. The most common characteristic of ZMC fractures was flattening of cheek and subconjunctival hemorrhage, because the zygomatic complex bone is very prominent and easily expose to traumatic forces and subconjuctival hemorrhage can easily occurs even if there is a minor tear of periosteum. The most common cause of ZMC fractures was RTA because of bad road conditions, poor road traffic sense in road users plus seat belt legislation was not enforced in this part of the world