Ultra structural of the human placenta under effect of the pre eclampsia

ABSTRACT

The human placenta is a transient organ that mediates physiological exchange between the mother and the developing fetus. It is genetically programmed for an existence of 9 months, It is important to realize that the placenta has both fetal and maternal parts and is therefore composed of cells of two different genotypes, also it focused by some diseases, the pre-eclampsia is one of them the incidence of pre eclampsia varies between 5 and 10 per cent depending on the exact definition used and the population studied, the pre-eclampsia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both the mother and fetus, the etiology and pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is unknown, but reduced choriodecidual blood flow and uteroplacental ischemia is constant features, This study was performed to investigate the ultra structural changes of the placenta under effect of pre-eclampsia. Twenty full term [38-40 weeks of gestation] placentae were used in this study, 10 placentae obtained from normal females aged thirty to thirty five years old after normal vaginal delivery, the other 10 placentae obtained from females aged thirty to thirty five years old and diagnosed pre-eclampsia patient, Two samples were taken from the maternal surface and prepared to examined by the electron microscope. The structure of the placenta was affected in the patient suffering from pre-eclampsia where the nucleus of the trophoblast cells has dark chromatin with irregularity in the nuclear envelop, the cytoplasm were contained degenerative areas and irregular shaped vacuoles the mitochondrial degeneration were apparent, the fibroblast and lymphocytes infiltration were found, the wall of the villus blood vessels was thick with damage of the endothelial lining, also the microvilli on the outer surface of the syncytiotrophoblast were reduced and rudimentary