Perfusión cerebral retrógrada durante paro circulatorio con hipotermia profunda: nueva técnica para la protección encefálica en cirugía de aorta ascendente y arco aórtico / Retrograde cerebral perfusion during circulatory arrest with deep hypothermia: new technique for encephal protection in aortic arch and ascendent aorta surgery

ABSTRACT

Between may 1993 and august 1994, 15 patients (10 men) with type A aortic dissection (9 acute) had a replacement of the ascending aorta and/or aortic arch with circulatory arrest with profound hypothermia and retrograde cerebral perfusion. Mean circulatory arrest time was 47.5 min (range 23 to 68 min). Three patients (20 percent) died in relation to postoperative bleeding. No patient had a new neurologic damage related to surgery. Ten patients were awake and oriented before 24 hours of the operation and another one before 48 hours; 4 patients required more than 48 hours to be completely awake and oriented. Two patients were operated on with a recent stroke. One of them recovered without sequelae before hospital discharge and the other one had a major regression of his brain damage. Two other patients had emergency surgery because of cardiac tamponade and cardiogenic shock. Both of them had a satisfactory recovery. Six patients presented azotemia but only 2 of them needed dyalisis. There was no case of Q wave infarction nor congestive heart failure in the perioperative period. Follow-up was 100 percent completed (12 patients) with a mean of 9.8 months (range 5 to 18 months). One patient died on the 10th postoperative month because of a late infectious process. Eight patients are in functional class I and 3 in II. Ten of them are back to their usual activities. Although retrograde cerebral perfusion is a new surgical technique, it seems to be a very valuable complement for brain protection in ascending aorta and/or aortic arch surgery with circulatory arrest with profound hypothermia