Xenodiagnóstico na doença de Chagas crônica: I - Sensibilidade de Panstrongylus megistus e Triatoma infestans / Xenodiagnosis in chronic Chagas' disease: I - Sensibility of Panstrongylus megistus and Triatoma infestans

ABSTRACT

From January 1986 to February 1994, 563 xenodiagnosis (XD) were applied in 563 chronic chagasic patients from different areas of Brazil; 292 were women and 271 were men between 6 and 89 years (average 41.4 +/- 14.7 years). To each XD 40 nymphs on the 4th stage were used 20 from Panstrongylus megistus (Pm) and 20 from Triatoma infestans (Ti) in fast, during at least 14 days. The exam in each nymph was made 45 days after being applied on the patient, by observation in optical microscopy of the drugs and/or the grinded from the digestive tube. The results are a) 205 (36.4 per cent) positive XD, including 85 (15.1 per cent) due only nymphs of Pm, 44 (7.8 per cent) Ti and 76 (13.5 per cent) Pm and Ti; b) positively in 4.9 per cent of the nymphs from Pm and in 3.0 per cent of the Ti nymphs examined. These results' analysis showed that the Pm nymphs were more sensitive that Ti's ones to the infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, increasing considerably the xenopositivity, independently from birthplace, sex or age of the patients. These results point out that to increase the efficacy of XD in chronic Chagas' disease, the exam must have more than a species of triatomine with different sensibilities to the T. cruzi infection, and in case of using one species on XD, Pm must substitute Ti.