Fatores prognósticos para o desfecho do tratamento da tuberculose pulmonar em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil / Prognostic factors for pulmonary tubeculosis outcome in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo caso-controle foi identificar fatores prognósticos para desfecho do tratamento da tuberculose pulmonar em 297 pacientes (Hospital das Clíinicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil) entre 1994 e 1999. MATERIAS E METODOS: Foram considerados casos indivíduos com alta por óbito, abandono ou falencia do tratamento. Os controles foram indivíduos com alta cura. Foram realizadas análises uni e multivariada com as variáveis independentes sexo; idade; esoclaridade; hábito de fumar; hábito de ingerir álcool; tratamento anterior para tuberculose; resposta ao teste turberculínico; soroligia para HIV; grau de resistencia aos antimicrobianos; resultado da pesquisa direta de bacilos álcool-ácido-resistentes' esquema terapeuticco utilizado. Além disso, repetiramse as análises uni e multivariada considerando como casos apenas os óbitos e os indivíduos com falencia do tratamento. RESULTADOS: A ingestao excessiva de álcool (OR=2,58; P=0,014), a co-infecçao pelo HIV (OR=3,40; P=0,28), o a tratamento anterior para tuberculose (OR=4,89; P0,001) e resistencia a duas ou mais drogas antituberculose (OR=3,49; P=0,017) foram fatores de risco para o insucesso do tratamento. Na segunda análise multivariada, excluindo os casos de abandono, nao houve associaçao entre a o ingestao excessiva de álcool e desfecho do tratamento, mantendo-se as demais associaçoes, o que sugere uma estreita relaçao entre o abandono do tratamento e o estilismo. CONCLUSOES: Os fatores prognósticos para insuccesso do tratamento da tuberculose pulmonar entre os indivíduos estudados estao interrelacionados, sendo de natureza biológica, clínica e social. Devem ser identificados no início do tratamento para que sejam implementados procedimentos diferenciados de acompanhamento, tais como tratamento diretamente surperisionado, de forma a fortalecer o controle da tuberculose em nível local

ABSTRACT

Objective. The objective of this case-control study was to identify prognostic factors for the outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis among 297 patients who were treated between 1994 and 1999 at the Federal University of Pernambuco Clinics Hospital, in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods. The cases were defined as individuals whose treatment ended in death, dropout, or failure. The controls were persons whose treatment ended in cure. The following independent variables were submitted to uni- and multivariate analyses sex, age, schooling, being a smoker, consuming alcohol, previous treatment for tuberculosis, response to the tuberculin test, HIV serology, resistance to antimicrobial agents, results of direct investigation of alcohol- and acid-resistant bacilli, and treatment approach used. After that, the uni- and multivariate analyses were repeated, including as cases only deaths and individuals with treatment failure. Results. Four risk factors for tuberculosis treatment failure were found excessive alcohol intake (odds ratio (OR) = 2.58; P = 0.014), co-infection with HIV (OR = 3.40; P = 0.028), previous tuberculosis treatment (OR = 4.89; P < 0.001), and resistance to two or more antituberculosis drugs (OR = 3.49; P = 0.017). In the second multivariate analysis, which excluded dropout cases, no association was found between treatment outcome and excessive alcohol consumption, but the other associations remained. This result suggests a close relationship between alcoholism and treatment dropout. Conclusions. In the group that was studied the prognostic factors for failure of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment were interrelated and were of a biological, clinical, and social character. These factors should be identified at the beginning of treatment in order to allow implementation of specific follow-up procedures such as the strategy of directly observed treatment. This would strengthen tuberculosis control at the local level