Diferenças inter e intra-individuais do padrão de movimento no lançamento de dardo / Different inter and intra-individual movement patterns in javelin throwing

RESUMO

The aim of this study was the identification and analyis of different inter and intra-individual movement patterns in javelin throwing at high performance level, using process oriented analysis methods and a mechanical model of the thrower's movement.Fifteen throws of two top class female javelin throwers (57.96 m - 68.80 m) were filmed in 3D during competition. Based on a mechanical model of the thrower's body and movement, the time courses of the variables of this model were analyzed with the factor analysis P-techniQue. The resulting factor matrices were subsequently cormpared which resulted in a matrix of similarity coefficients. This matrix was structured by a hierarchical cluster analysis. For those variables which characterized the same factor of movement patterns of different main branches of the dendrogram, a further factor analysis with the S-techniQue was appfied. Two different movement patterns could be identitied according to the athlete. The diferentes between the movement patterns concern the time courses of the knee angle of the bracing leg and of the elbow angle. These inter-individual different movement patterns result in the same performance level. For one of the athletes different intra-individual movement patterns could be identified, which are characterized by different time courses of the knee angle of the bracing leg, and which could be correlated to release velocity. As a conclusion of this study, it can be stated that the analysis of movement pattern should be based on the time courses and that a general movement pattern for high performance level does not exist. Instead, moveMnent optimization and technical training methods should be based on the individual movement pattern of each athlete.