Inmunogenética e inmunopatología de la diabetes insulinodependiente tipo I / Immune-genetic and immune-pathology of Insulin Dependent Type I Diabetes

ABSTRACT

T1D is a chronic autoimmune disease that can greatly alter the quality of life of children at ayoung age. This condition can also generate high public health costs and produce psycho-affectivedisorders in the family. It can significantly reduce the years of productive and healthy life.Diabetes Mellitus Type I, or insulin dependent, has a lower prevalence than Type II, or noninsulindependent. Diabetes nevertheless, complications like microangiopthy, macroangiopathyand neuropathy can lead to elevated mortality and morbidity. Molecular analysis show thatloci DQA1 and DQB1 are strongly associated with susceptibility and resistance to T1D. HLADQB1*O3O2 – DQA1* 0301 are the most strongest alelles associated with susceptibility andDQB1*O2O1 – DQA1* 0501 are linked to DR4 and DR3 respectively. A study performed inMexico City, Caracas and Medellin reported that there is statistical significance to consider theDQA1 alleles as markers for susceptibility to develop T1D. Another study that looked at NorthAmericans with Mexican origin concluded that the alleles DQB1*0302 and DQB1*0201 are foundin 91 percent of patients, compared with 74 percent of controls. In previous studies, our group informed themolecular characterization of HLA Class II genes using PCR-SSP in a mestizo patient populationin the Colombian Caribbean. We analyzed the loci HLA DRB1 and HLA DQB1, finding that thealleles with higher expression in healthy control subjects were HLA-DQB1*0301 with 23.8 percent,DQB1*0302 (13.8 percent), DQB1*0201(15.4 percent), DQB1*0501(12.3 percent), and DQB1*0602 (12.3 percent).In the DRB1 locus, the alleles mostly expressed were HLA – DRB1*0401 (18 percent), DRB1*0402(19 percent), DRB1*0404 (19 percent) and DRB1*0405 (21 percent). In the group consisting of IDDM patients,the alleles most frequently expressed were DRB1*0302 y DQB1*0602.This data describes that in this population, the susceptibility to develop this disease is associatedwith particular allelic combinations of D...