Dieta vegetariana e níveis de colesterol e triglicérides / Vegetarian diet and cholesterol and triglycerides levels

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Comparar os valores de triglicérides (TG), colesterol total (CT), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) e lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) entre indivíduos vegetarianos e onívoros. MÉTODOS: Foram coletadas amostras sangüíneas de 76 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, que foram separados em quatro grupos de dieta onívoro, ovolacto, lacto e vegetariano restrito (ou "vegan"). Foram dosados CT, LDL, HDL e TG. RESULTADOS: Para as taxas de CT, LDL e TG, observa-se diferença significante entre as amostras, sendo o maior valor nos onívoros, havendo decréscimo nos vegetarianos, de acordo com o grau de restrição de produtos de origem animal, sendo a menor taxa observada nos "vegans". A média e o desvio padrão do CT foram de 208,09 ± 49,09 mg/dl no grupo de onívoros, e 141,06 ± 30,56 mg/dl no de vegan (p < 0,001). Os valores de LDL foram, para onívoros e "vegans", respectivamente, 123,43 ± 42,67 mg/dl e 69,28 ± 29,53 mg/dl (p < 0,001). Para o TG, esses valores foram 155,68 ± 119,84 mg/dl e 81,67 ± 81,90 mg/dl (p < 0,01). Com relação à taxa de HDL, não houve diferença entre as amostras, mas a proporção HDL/CT foi significantemente maior nos "vegans" (p = 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: A dieta vegetariana associou-se a menores valores de TG, CT e LDL em comparação com a dieta onívora.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Compare levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) among vegetarians and omnivores. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 76 individuals - both males and females - separated in four different diet groups omnivores, lacto-ovo vegetarians, lacto vegetarians, and restricted vegetarians (or vegans). Dosing was done for TC, LDL, HDL and TG. RESULTS: Significant difference was reported for TC, LDL and TG levels among the samples. Higher levels were reported by omnivores, with decreased levels for vegetarians as animal products were restricted, with lowest levels having been reported by vegans. Mean and standard deviation for TC were 208.09 ± 49.09 mg/dl in the group of omnivores, and 141.06 ± 30.56 mg/dl in the group of vegans (p < 0.001). LDL values for omnivores and vegans were respectively 123.43 ± 42.67 mg/dl and 69.28 ± 29.53 mg/dl (p < 0.001). As for TG, those values were 155.68 ± 119.84 mg/dl and 81.67 ± 81.90 mg/dl (p < 0.01). As for HDL level no difference was reported between the samples, but HDL/TC ratio was significantly higher in vegans (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Vegetarian diet was associated to lower levels of TG, TC and LDL as compared to the diet of omnivores.