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Perioperative cefuroxime pharmacokinetics in cardiac surgery
Nascimento, Jorge Willian Leandro; Carmona, Maria José Carvalho; Strabelli, Tânia Mara Varejão; Auler Júnior, José Otávio Costa; Santos, Sílvia Regina Cavani Jorge.
  • Nascimento, Jorge Willian Leandro; University Medical School Heart Institute. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Pharmacy Department. São Paulo. BR
  • Carmona, Maria José Carvalho; University Medical School Heart Institute. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Pharmacy Department. São Paulo. BR
  • Strabelli, Tânia Mara Varejão; University Medical School Heart Institute. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Pharmacy Department. São Paulo. BR
  • Auler Júnior, José Otávio Costa; University Medical School Heart Institute. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Pharmacy Department. São Paulo. BR
  • Santos, Sílvia Regina Cavani Jorge; University Medical School Heart Institute. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Pharmacy Department. São Paulo. BR
Clinics ; 62(3): 257-260, June 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453285
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

The objective was to investigate the plasma levels and to compare the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime during and after surgery in adult patients with elective indication for coronary artery bypass grafting.

METHODS:

Seventeen patients received three 1.5-g bolus IV doses of cefuroxime, one every 12 hrs. Serial blood samples (3 mL) were collected 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hrs after the first dose (given during the intervention) and after the second and third doses (postsurgery). Blood samples were centrifuged and stored frozen until being assayed. For assessment of the cefuroxime plasma levels by liquid chromatography, only 200 æL of plasma were required. Determination of cefuroxime plasma levels was followed by a pharmacokinetic (PK)-modeling using PK Solutions 2.0 software.

RESULTS:

The kinetic parameters obtained remained unchanged after the first, second, and the third dose as follows elimination half-life 1.8 h, 1.9 h, and 1.8 h; clearance 1.4, 1.5, and 1.5 mL/min/kg, respectively. Additionally, the apparent volume of distribution did not change during and after the intervention 0.19, 0.25, and 0.22 L/kg, after the first, second, and the third dose, respectively. Since the drug has a low volume of distribution, plasma levels obtained after a 1.5-g IV bolus injection of cefuroxime decreased rapidly due to the high plasma clearance, with a consequent short half-life.

CONCLUSIONS:

The kinetic disposition of cefuroxime remains unaltered in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting; to reduce the fluctuation in plasma concentrations so that the antibiotic prophylaxis in the peri-operative period is guaranteed, the dose regimen should be reviewed.
RESUMO

OBJETIVO:

Investigar os níveis plasmáticos e comparar a farmacocinética da cefuroxima durante e após cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio.

MÉTODOS:

Dezessete pacientes receberam três doses intravenosas de 1,5 g de cefuroxima, a cada 12 horas. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue nos tempos de 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12 horas após a primeira dose (durante a cirurgia) e após a segunda e terceira dose (administradas após a cirurgia). As amostras de sangue foram centrifugadas e armazenadas congeladas até o momento da análise. Os níveis plasmáticos da cefuroxima foram determinados através de cromatografia líquida, utilizando-se apenas 200 mL de plasma. A determinação da farmacocinética da cefuroxima foi realizada utilizando o software PK-solutions 2.0.

RESULTADOS:

Todos os parâmetros cinéticos obtidos permaneceram inalterados após a adminstração da 1ª, 2ª e 3ª doses meia vida de eliminação 1,8h, 1,9h and 1,8h, depuração 1,4, 1,5 and 1,5 mL/min/kg respectivamente. Adicionalmente, o volume aparente de distribuição, não se alterou durante ou após a intervenção 0,19, 0,25 and 0,22 L/kg, após 1ª, 2ª e 3ª dose, respectivamente. Os níveis plasmáticos obtidos após administração da cefuroxima reduziram rapidamente devido à alta depuração plasmática com conseqüente curta meia-vida plasmática, atingindo valores abaixo da concentração inibitória mínima a partir da 9ª hora da administração.

CONCLUSÕES:

A disposição cinética da cefuroxima permanece inalterada em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, e com vistas à redução da flutuação no período perioperatório, o regime de dose para a antibioticoprofilaxia poderia ser revisto.
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Cefuroxime / Coronary Artery Bypass / Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Anti-Bacterial Agents Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Clinics Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: University Medical School Heart Institute/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Cefuroxime / Coronary Artery Bypass / Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Anti-Bacterial Agents Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Clinics Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: University Medical School Heart Institute/BR