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Individual risk factors for Plasmodium vivax infection in the residual malaria transmission focus of Oaxaca, Mexico
Danis-Lozano, Rogelio; Rodríguez, Mario Henry; Betanzos-Reyes, Ángel F; Hernández-Avila, Juan Eugenio; González-Cerón, Lilia; Méndez-Galván, Jorge F; Velázquez-Monroy, Oscar J; Tapia-Conyer, Roberto.
  • Danis-Lozano, Rogelio; National Institute of Public Health. Center for Malaria Research. Cuernavaca. MX
  • Rodríguez, Mario Henry; National Institute of Public Health. Center for Research on Infectious Diseases. Cuernavaca. MX
  • Betanzos-Reyes, Ángel F; National Institute of Public Health. Center for Malaria Research. Cuernavaca. MX
  • Hernández-Avila, Juan Eugenio; National Institute of Public Health. Department of Informatics and Geographic Medicine. Cuernavaca. MX
  • González-Cerón, Lilia; National Institute of Public Health. Center for Malaria Research. Cuernavaca. MX
  • Méndez-Galván, Jorge F; Ministry of Health. National Coordination of Epidemiological Surveillance. Vector-Borne Diseases Program. City Mexico. MX
  • Velázquez-Monroy, Oscar J; Ministry of Health. National Coordination of Epidemiological Surveillance. Vector-Borne Diseases Program. City Mexico. MX
  • Tapia-Conyer, Roberto; Ministry of Health. Underministry of Health and Prevention. City Mexico. MX
Salud pública Méx ; 49(3): 199-209, mayo-jul. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453573
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify individual risk factors for malaria infection of inhabitants in the residual transmission focus on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population-based, matched case-control study was conducted from January 2002 to July 2003 comparing the frequency of exposure to individual risk factors in subjects presenting clinical malaria and uninfected controls. A malaria case was defined as an individual living in the study area presenting malaria symptoms and a Plasmodium vivax-positive thick blood smear; controls were individuals negative to P. vivax parasites and antibodies of the same gender and with ± five years as the case. A standardized questionnaire was used to record information about the individual risk factors associated with malaria episodes in cases and two controls for each case. RESULTS: In a multiple conditional logistic regression model analysis of data from 119 cases and 238 controls, 18 out of 99 variables were significantly associated (p< 0.05) with increased risk of malaria, including: being born in another locality (RM 3.16, 95 percent IC 1.16-6.13); speaking only an autochthonous language (RM= 2.48, 95 percent IC 1.19-3.77); having poor knowledge about malaria (RM= 2.26 95 percent IC 1.10-4.66 P< 0.02); the amount of vegetation around the house (RM= 20.43, 95 percent IC 5.98-70.87, P< 0.000; RM= 3.78, 95 percent IC 1.21-11.80, for 60-100 percent and 30-59 percent, respectively); living in houses constructed with perishable materials (RM= 2.85, 95 percent IC 1.62-5.01); living on the periphery of the town (RM= 6.23, 95 percent IC 3.50-11.0); sleeping on a dirt floor (RM= 2.98, 95 percent IC 1.78-5.01) or with two or more people in the same bed (RM= 1.85, 95 percent CI 1.09-3.14); not using bed nets (RM= 2.39, 95 percent IC 1.18-4.83, P< 0.003) or using bed nets with holes (RM= 13.93, 95 IC 2.48-78.01); traveling outside of the village (RM= 9.16, 95 percent IC 1.98-42.2); y..
RESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores de riesgo individuales determinantes para contraer paludismo en habitantes del foco residual de transmisión de paludismo localizado en la costa del Pacífico de Oaxaca. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio pareado de casos y controles, con base poblacional de enero de 2002 a julio de 2003, comparando la frecuencia de exposición a diversos factores de riesgo individuales en sujetos que presentaron un cuadro clínico de paludismo y controles no infectados. Un caso de paludismo fue definido como un individuo que vive en el área de estudio que presentó síntomas de paludismo y diagnosticado positivo a P. vivax en examen de gota gruesa de sangre, los controles fueron individuos negativos a parásitos y anticuerpos anti-P. vivax del mismo sexo y ± cinco años la edad del caso. Se usó un cuestionario estandarizado para registrar información de factores de riesgo individuales asociados a episodios de paludismo en casos y dos controles por caso. RESULTADOS: El análisis en un modelo de regresión logística condicional múltiple, 18 de 99 variables fueron significativamente asociadas (p< 0.05) con el incremento en el riesgo de paludismo, incluyendo: nacer fuera de la localidad (RM 3.16, 95 por ciento IC 1.16-6.13); hablar sólo un idioma autóctono (RM= 2.48, 95 por ciento IC 1.19-3.77); pobre conocimiento de cómo se transmite y trata el paludismo (RM= 2.26 95 por ciento IC 1.10-4.66 P< 0.02); cobertura de vegetación alrededor de la casa (RM= 20.43, 95 por ciento IC 5.98-70.87, P< 0.000; RM= 3.78, 95 por ciento IC 1.21-11.80, para 60-100 por ciento y 30-59 por ciento, respectivamente); casas construidas con materiales perecederos (RM= 2.85, 95 por ciento IC 1.62-5.01); localización de la casa en la periferia de la localidad (RM= 6.23, 95 por ciento IC 3.50-11.0); dormir en el suelo (RM= 2.98, 95 por ciento IC 1.78-5.01); dormir con dos o más personas en la misma cama (RM= 1.85, 95 por ciento CI 1.09-3.14); not...
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Malaria, Vivax Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Mexico Language: English Journal: Salud pública Méx Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2007 Type: Article / Project document Affiliation country: Mexico Institution/Affiliation country: Ministry of Health/MX / National Institute of Public Health/MX

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Malaria, Vivax Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Mexico Language: English Journal: Salud pública Méx Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2007 Type: Article / Project document Affiliation country: Mexico Institution/Affiliation country: Ministry of Health/MX / National Institute of Public Health/MX