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The clinical spectrum of malformations of cortical development
Montenegro, Maria Augusta; Cendes, Fernando; Lopes-Cendes, Iscia; Guerreiro, Carlos A. M; Li, Li M; Guerreiro, Marilisa M.
  • Montenegro, Maria Augusta; State University of Campinas. Department of Neurology. Campinas. BR
  • Cendes, Fernando; State University of Campinas. Department of Neurology. Campinas. BR
  • Lopes-Cendes, Iscia; State University of Campinas. Department of Medical Genetics. Campinas. BR
  • Guerreiro, Carlos A. M; State University of Campinas. Department of Neurology. Campinas. BR
  • Li, Li M; State University of Campinas. Department of Neurology. Campinas. BR
  • Guerreiro, Marilisa M; State University of Campinas. Department of Neurology. Campinas. BR
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2A): 196-201, jun. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453911
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) usually manifest in childhood with epilepsy, developmental delay and focal neurological abnormalities.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the presentation and severity of epilepsy in the different types of MCD.

METHOD:

We evaluated the first 100 consecutive patients with a neuroimaging diagnosis of MCD. They were identified among all the high resolution magnetic resonance imaging exams performed at our service between 1997 and 2001. The causes of referral were diverse, according to the routine of the neurology outpatient clinic. After magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of the subtype of MCD a detailed clinical assessment was performed.

RESULTS:

There were 55 females and 45 males, with ages ranging from five months to 71 years old (mean=15.2 years). Seventy-seven patients presented with epilepsy. Sixty-one had partial epileptic syndromes, 13 secondary generalized syndromes, and in three, the type of epileptic syndrome could not be established. Epilepsy was less frequent in patients with the MCD subtypes of polymicrogyria and schizencephaly (p<0.001). Patients with schizencephaly and polymicrogyria had their seizures more easily controlled by antiepileptic drugs (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION:

That the frequency of epilepsy is lower and seizures are more easily controlled in the setting of polymicrogyria and schizencephaly. Patients with MCD frequently present with secondary generalized epilepsy early in childhood.
RESUMO

INTRODUÇÃO:

As malformações do desenvolvimento cortical (MDC) geralmente se manifestam na infância, na forma de crises epilépticas, retardo do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor ou anormalidades focais.

OBJETIVO:

Avaliar a apresentação clínica e a gravidade da epilepsia nos diferentes tipos de MDC.

MÉTODO:

Cem pacientes com diagnóstico de MDC estabelecido por neuroimagem foram avaliados. Os pacientes foram identificados através de exames de ressonância magnética de alta resolução realizados entre 1997 e 2001. As causas para investigação por imagem foram diversas, conforme as indicações de rotina dos ambulatórios de neurologia. Após a determinação do subtipo de MDC, uma avaliação clínica detalhada foi realizada.

RESULTADOS:

Entre os 100 pacientes, 55 eram do sexo feminino e 45 do masculino, com idade variando entre 5 meses e 71 anos (média=15,2 anos). Setenta e sete pacientes apresentaram epilepsia. Sessenta e um tinham síndrome epiléptica parcial, 13 síndrome epiléptica secundariamente generalizada e em três, o tipo de crise não pode ser definido. Epilepsia foi menos freqüente em pacientes com polimicrogiria e esquizencefalia (p<0.001). As crises epilépticas foram controladas mais facilmente por drogas antiepilépticas em pacientes com polimicrogiria e esquizencefalia (p<0.001).

CONCLUSÃO:

A freqüência de epilepsia é menor e as crises são mais facilmente controladas em pacientes com polimicrogiria e esquizencefalia. Pacientes com MDC freqüentemente apresentam síndrome epiléptica secundariamente generalizada.
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Epilepsy / Malformations of Cortical Development Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: Arq. neuropsiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: State University of Campinas/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Epilepsy / Malformations of Cortical Development Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: Arq. neuropsiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: State University of Campinas/BR