Preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules: role of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration biopsy followed by cytology
Clinics
;
62(4): 411-418, 2007. ilus, tab
Article
in English
| LILACS
| ID: lil-460023
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE:
To evaluate the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules using ultrasound studies and cytology of nodular aspirates. SUBJECTS ANDMETHODS:
2,468 patients with thyroid nodules were examined from 1999 to 2005. All patients were clinically examined and underwent ultrasonography followed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and cytology.RESULTS:
Nodules larger than 10 mm were classified ultrasonographically in a 4-tier system and received a score according to the criterion of possible malignancy. Cytological examinations were conducted independently by 2 cytologists and classified as benign (score 1), indeterminate (score 2), suspicious (score 3), and malignant (score 6). Combining both scores, an index was generated that would indicate a higher probability of malignancy (benign, doubtful, suspicious, and malignant). Thyroid surgery was performed in 274 patients. Of those, 115 patients had a score of 2 to 5 and only 8 had a histological diagnosis of thyroid cancer (6.9 percent). For patients with a score of 5 (n = 51), 11.5 percent had a malignant lesion, and 51 percent of the 61 patients with a score of 6 had confirmed thyroid cancer. Of the 98 patients with a combined score of 7 to 10, 99 percent had a histological confirmation of malignancy.CONCLUSIONS:
The index score had a sensitivity of 94.1 percent and specificity of 77.5 percent. The overall accuracy was 85.8 percent. Therefore, we concluded that this methodology may improve the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer in nodules larger than 10 mm. Association with other methods such as color Doppler echography, serum TSH concentration, galectin-3 expression analysis, and FDG/PET scan would be useful in avoiding the higher costs of thyroid surgical procedures.RESUMO
OBJETIVO:
Avaliar a possibilidade de diagnóstico pré-operativo de nódulos da tireóide (de diâmetro superior a 10mm) usando ultra-sonografia da glândula tireóide e citologia de punção aspirativa por agulha fina guiada pela ultra-sonografia. CASUíSTICA EMÉTODOS:
Nódulos tireóideos (maiores que 10mm) foram classificados ultra-sonograficamente em graus de I a IV e escores numéricos de 1 a 4, de acordo com crescente possibilidade de malignidade. O exame citológico, subseqüentemente, classificou os nódulos como benigno (escore 1) indeterminado (escore 2) suspeito (escore 3) e maligno (escore 6). Somando-se os escores obtidos nas duas metodologias obtém-se um índice considerado benigno (índice combinado 2-4), duvidoso (índice combinado 5) suspeito para malignidade (índice combinado 6) e elevada probabilidade de malignidade (índice combinado 7 a 10). Cirurgia da Tireóide foi realizada em 274 pacientes, dos quais 64 apresentavam índice de 2-4; destes, apenas 2 pacientes (3,1 por cento) apresentaram comprovação histológica de câncer. Em pacientes com índice 5 (n= 51), 11,8 por cento apresentaram câncer de tireóide e, em 61 pacientes com índice 6, (n= 31), 51 por cento tiveram diagnóstico confirmado de malignidade. O índice combinado de 7-10 (n= 98) apresentou 99 por cento de pacientes com câncer de tireóide.CONCLUSÕES:
O índice combinado apresentou sensibilidade de 94,1 por cento e especificidade de 77,5 por cento. A precisão desta metodologia foi de 85,8 por cento. Concluímos que o índice combinado pode ser útil no diagnóstico pré-cirúrgico do nódulo tireóideo, mormente se associado com outras metodologias como a ecografia com Doppler colorido, nível elevado de TSH sérico, análise de expressão de galectina-3 e imagens por FDG/PET.
Full text:
Available
Index:
LILACS (Americas)
Main subject:
Thyroid Nodule
Type of study:
Diagnostic study
Limits:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
English
Journal:
Clinics
Journal subject:
Medicine
Year:
2007
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Brazil
Institution/Affiliation country:
Hospital das Clínicas)/BR
/
Hospital das Clínicas/BR
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