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Prototipos de liderazgo en población civil y militar / Leadership prototypes in civilian and military population
Castro Solano, Alejandro; Becerra, Luciana; Lupano Perugini, María Laura.
  • Castro Solano, Alejandro; CONICET. Buenos Aires. AR
  • Becerra, Luciana; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Buenos Aires. AR
  • Lupano Perugini, María Laura; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Buenos Aires. AR
Interdisciplinaria ; 24(1): 65-94, 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-469790
RESUMEN
El presente estudio pretende identificar (en población civil y militar) los prototipos internalizados de liderazgo, los atributos que tienden a ser asignados a los líderes y las dimensiones de liderazgo privilegiadas en dichos entornos. Participaron 488 cadetes militares (el 64% tenía personal a cargo) y 194 civiles, todos ocupaban cargos directivos y tenían personal a cargo. Se diseñó un instrumento ad-hoc, en el que se solicitaba a los participantes que nombraran a un líder efectivo, justifiquen su elección y señalen en una lista aquellos atributos que creían corresponder al líder elegido. Los resultados señalan que la población militar exhibe preferencia por personajes de trayectoria política y militar. Los civiles mostraron mayor variación en el prototipo de líder elegido, aunque se inclinaron a identificar como tales, a jefes cercanos a su ámbito laboral. Con respecto a los atributos asignados, los civiles identificaron con mayor frecuencia características individualistas como innovación, talento y logro de objetivos; mientras que los militares privilegiaron las características personales asociadas a la relación con el subalterno (consideración, motivación, abnegación). En el ámbito castrense se reconocieron atributos correspondientes al liderazgo orientado al grupo, en tanto los civiles se orientarían hacia un liderazgo carismático. Además, tanto civiles como militares exhibieron una actitud negativa hacia el liderazgo orientado hacia sí mismo. Los resultados obtenidos aportan evidencias sobre la existencia de diferencias significativas en la percepción del liderazgo en ambos contextos ya que se han observado discrepancias en los prototipos de líderes internalizados
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research consisted in identifying, in civilian and military population, leadership internalized prototypes, attributes which are frequently assigned to leaders, and leadership dimensions that are privileged in these contexts. Participants of this study were 488 cadets. [ … ] 64% (n = 312) of cadets directed other people. [ … ] On the other hand, 194 civilians participated (37% males, 63% females), all of hem directed people and occupied management positions. Data collection was realized in an anonymous and collective way using instruments designed ad-hoc, in which the participants were requested to name a person perceived by them as an effective leader and justify their choice. Moreover, the people would have to indicate, in a list, the attributes which they believed corresponded to the selected leader. [ … ] In military context there is a preference for leaders who have a political or military background. Civilians show more variety in the selected internalized prototypes, but hey selected people from their work contexts. In relation to selected attributes by the interviewed people, civilian participants identified individualistic characteristics with greater frequency, as innovation, talent and attainment of objectives; while the military participants assigned greater importance to the characteristics related to the consideration of he followers –consideration, motivation, abnegation. In the military context, attributes related to group orientation were selected; [ … ] On the other hand, military and civilian participants, show a negative attitude towards self orientated leadership. [ … ] The results contribute to show evidences on the existence of significant differences in the attribution of leadership in the general population and the military context. Discrepancy was identified between the internalized prototypes of leadership in both contexts.
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Leadership Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Interdisciplinaria Journal subject: Comportamento / Psicologia Year: 2007 Type: Article / Project document Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: CONICET/AR / Universidad de Buenos Aires/AR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Leadership Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Interdisciplinaria Journal subject: Comportamento / Psicologia Year: 2007 Type: Article / Project document Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: CONICET/AR / Universidad de Buenos Aires/AR