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Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for Cushing's disease
Minniti, Giuseppe; Brada, Michael.
  • Minniti, Giuseppe; NEUROMED Institute. Neuroendocrinology Unit. Department of Neurological Sciences. Pozzilli. IT
  • Brada, Michael; The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Neuro-oncology Unit and Academic Unit of radiotherapy and Oncology. Surrey. GB
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 51(8): 1373-1380, nov. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-471754
ABSTRACT
Patients with residual or recurrent Cushing's disease receive external beam radiotherapy (RT) with the aim of achieving long-term tumour control and normalization of elevated hormone levels. Treatment is given either as conventional radiotherapy using conformal techniques or as stereotactic radiotherapy, which is either used as fractionated treatment (SCRT) or as single fraction radiosurgery (SRS). We describe the technical aspects of treatment and report a systematic review of the published literature on the efficacy and toxicity of conventional RT, SCRT and SRS. There are no studies directly comparing the different radiation techniques and the reported results are inevitably of selected patients by investigators with interest in the treatment tested. Nevertheless the review of the published literature suggests better hormone and tumour control rates after fractionated irradiation compared to single fraction radiosurgery. Hypopituitarism represents the most commonly reported late complication of radiotherapy seen after all treatments. Although the incidence of other late effects is low, the risk of radiation injury to normal neural structures is higher with single fraction compared to fractionated treatment. Stereotactic techniques offer more localized irradiation compared with conventional radiotherapy, however longer follow-up is necessary to confirm the potential reduction of long-term radiation toxicity of fractionated SCRT compared to conventional RT. On the basis of the available literature, fractionated conventional and stereotactic radiotherapy offer effective treatment for Cushing's disease not controlled with surgery alone. The lower efficacy and higher toxicity of single fraction treatment suggest that SRS is not the appropriate therapy for the majority of patients with Cushing's disease.
RESUMO
Pacientes com doença de Cushing residual ou recorrente recebem radioterapia externa em feixe (RT) com o objetivo de alcançar um controle tumoral prolongado e a normalização dos níveis hormonais elevados. O tratamento é realizado tanto com RT convencional, usando técnicas conformacionais, ou com RT estereotáxica, que é usada tanto como tratamento fracionado (RTF) ou como radiocirurgia em procedimento único (RCU). Descreveremos os aspectos técnicos do tratamento e mostraremos uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a eficácia e toxicidade da RT convencional, da RTF e da RCU. Não existem estudos comparando diretamente as diferentes técnicas de radiação, e os resultados reportados são inevitavelmente os de pacientes selecionados pelos investigadores com interesse no tratamento testado. De qualquer maneira, a revisão dos dados publicados sugere que há melhores taxas de controle hormonal e tumoral após RTF em comparação com RCU. O hipopituitarismo representa a complicação tardia mais comumente relatada da RT, vista após todos os tipos de tratamento. Embora a incidência de outros efeitos tardios seja baixa, o risco de a radiação comprometer estruturas neurais normais é mais elevado com RCU do que com RTF. Técnicas estereotáxicas oferecem irradiação mais localizada se comparadas com a RT convencional, embora um acompanhamento prolongado seja necessário para confirmar a possível redução da toxicidade continuada da radiação na RTF em comparação com a RT convencional. Com base na literatura disponível, a RT fracionada convencional e a estereotáxica oferecem tratamento efetivo para a doença de Cushing não controlada isoladamente pela cirurgia. A baixa eficácia e alta toxicidade do tratamento em dose única sugere que a RCU não seja a terapia mais apropriada para a maioria dos pacientes com doença de Cushing.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Adenoma / Radiosurgery / Radiotherapy, Conformal / Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion / ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma Type of study: Evaluation studies / Systematic reviews Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab Journal subject: Endocrinology / Metabolism Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Italy / United kingdom Institution/Affiliation country: NEUROMED Institute/IT / The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/GB

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Adenoma / Radiosurgery / Radiotherapy, Conformal / Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion / ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma Type of study: Evaluation studies / Systematic reviews Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab Journal subject: Endocrinology / Metabolism Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Italy / United kingdom Institution/Affiliation country: NEUROMED Institute/IT / The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/GB