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Factores de riesgo biopsicosocial que influyen en el fracaso escolar en alumnos vulnerables de escuelas municipalizadas de la comuna de San Pedro de la Paz, 2005 / Biopsichosocial risk factors that influence school failure vulnerable student of public schools in San Pedro de la Paz, 2005
Valderrama Alarcon, Milady; Behn Theune, Veronica; Perez Villalobos, Maria Victoria; Diaz Mujica, Alejandro; Cid Henriquez, Patricia; Torruella Puente, Matilde.
  • Valderrama Alarcon, Milady; Universidad de Concepción. Concepción. CL
  • Behn Theune, Veronica; Universidad de Concepción. Concepción. CL
  • Perez Villalobos, Maria Victoria; Universidad de Concepción. Concepción. CL
  • Diaz Mujica, Alejandro; Universidad de Concepción. Concepción. CL
  • Cid Henriquez, Patricia; Universidad de Concepción. Concepción. CL
  • Torruella Puente, Matilde; Universidad de Concepción. Concepción. CL
Cienc. enferm ; 13(2): 41-52, dez. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-491518
RESUMEN
Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, cuyo propósito fue conocer las características de salud en las dimensiones biológicas y psicosociales de escolares de alta vulnerabilidad y relacionarlas con su rendimiento y fracaso escolar. El grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por 148 escolares de segundo año básico, de dos escuelas de San Pedro de la Paz, Concepción, Chile, cuyos índices de vulnerabilidad escolar correspondían a 62 por ciento y 46,3 por ciento respectivamente, según encuesta de la Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (JUNAEB). Los datos recolectados a través de un examen de salud y entrevista se registraron en una ficha elaborada por el proyecto del Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) N° 1040622. Los resultados señalaron que en la dimensión biológica, las niñas tuvieron más tendencia al sobrepeso: el 43,7 por ciento de los niños presentaron caries y el 26,8 por ciento no tenían hábitos de sueño, estas variables se relacionaron con el rendimiento escolar en Matemáticas y promedio general de notas. En la dimensión psicosocial, el 16,9 por ciento de los escolares vivían en familias monoparentales, el 34,5 por ciento recibió castigo psicológico en su hogar y el 17,6 por ciento no recibió ayuda para hacer las tareas. Los escolares refirieron agrado por la escuela y les gustó su profesora como modelo para aprender. Se puede concluir que el estado de salud de los niños y niñas era aceptable, que les gustaba ir a la escuela. Los factores de fracaso escolar principalmente son: por la falta de apoyo en tareas y por factores de riesgo que existían en sus familias como: alcoholismo, violencia intrafamiliar, cesantía y consumo de drogas.
ABSTRACT
This is a descriptive correlational study whose overall purpose was to know biological and psychosocial characteristics of elementary school students from highly vulnerable areas. The relationship between these characteristics and school failure was also examined. The study group was formed by 148 grade two students from two high risk schools in San Pedro de la Paz, Concepción, Chile. According to the National School Support and Scholarships Board (JUNAEB) vulnerability indices for these schools were 62 percent and 46.3 percent respectively. Data collection was done through a health assessment session and an interview based on a questionnaire developed for a FONDECYT-funded research grant No 1040622. Results showed that in the biological dimension, girls tended to be overweight, 43.7 percent of boys had dental cavities, and 26.8 percent did not have good sleep habits. These variables were significantly related to both students' performance in Mathematics and the student's grade point average. In the psychosocial dimension, 16.9 percent of students lived in single-parent families, 34.5 percent of them suffered from psychological abuse in their homes, and 17.6 percent did not receive any help at home to do their homework. Students reported enjoying both their school and their school teacher as a learning model. We conclude that the health status of both boys and girls was acceptable and that students enjoyed going to school. Among risk factors for school failure were lack of support to do school homework and family factors including domestic violence, alcohol consumption, and unemployment.
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Students / Risk Factors / Education, Primary and Secondary / Academic Failure / Social Vulnerability Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Cienc. enferm Journal subject: Nursing Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Concepción/CL

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Students / Risk Factors / Education, Primary and Secondary / Academic Failure / Social Vulnerability Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Cienc. enferm Journal subject: Nursing Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Concepción/CL