Factores de riesgo de cardiopatias congénitas / Risk factors in congenital cardiopathies

RESUMEN

Se realizó un estudio de casos y control con el objeto de identificar factores de riesgo presentes en neonatos portadores de cardiopatías congénitas, nacidos en el Hospital Clínico Regional de Antofagasta entre 1994-1996. Se analizan 34 casos (75,6 por ciento de total), pesquisados por examen pediátrico post-parto, incluyendo 25 variables. Mediante el cálculo de Desigualdad Relativa (DR) y Test de Comparación de Proporciones, se logra identificar nueve factores de riesgo, la mayoría de los cuales coincide con lo descrito en la literatura. Déficit nutricional materno y consumo de tabaco excesivo por el padre, fueron los factores que resultaron con altos valores en nuestra casuística, sin embargo existe casi nula vinculación bibliográfica de ambos con el problema estudiado. Se anexa información epidemiológica sobre tipos de cardiopatías, incidencia, mortinatalidad e índica de sobrevida al alta.

ABSTRACT

A study was carried out on cases and controls with the objective of identifying risk factors present in neonates carrying congenital cardiopathies who were born at the Regional Hospital Clinic of Antofagasta, between 1994 and 1996. Analysis was made of 34 cases (75.6 percent of the total), determined by post- partum pediatric examinations which included evaluation of 25 variables. Using a calculation of the Relative Inequality (RI) and proportion Comparison Test, nine risk factors were identified, most of which coincided with results described in the literature. Maternal nutritional deficit and excessive consumption of tobacco by the father were factors related to high causal values. There was, however, almost no relation between these two factors and bibliographic data on the problem studied. Information is annexed on the epidemiology of types of cardiopathies, incidence, mortality at birth, and index of survival after release.