Resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella, Shigella y Vibrio cholerae: Perú 1997-2002 / Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio cholerae antimicrobial resistance in Peru: 1997-2002

RESUMEN

La resistencia a los antimicrobianos es un problema de salud pública, en este caso se presentan los resultados de la resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella, Shigella y Vibrio cholerae entre los años 1997 y 2002 de las cepas confirmadas por el Instituto Nacional de Salud, procedentes de los laboratorios referenciales regionales de las diferentes direcciones de salud del Perú. La confirmación se realizó mediante bioquímica y serotipificación; para las pruebas de sensibilidad se utilizó el método de disco difusión. Se evaluaron un total de 542 cepas de Salmonella, 1034 de Shigella y 603 de Vibrio cholerae. La resistencia de Shigella frente a ampicilina muestra un promedio de 74,4 por ciento durante los 6 años; cloramfenicol con 65,9 por ciento, cotrimoxazol con 72,2 por ciento. En Salmonella se observa un promedio de 3,46 por ciento para ampicilina; 2,83 por ciento para cloranfenicol; en gentamicina 3,9 por ciento y cotrimoxazol 1,1. V. Cholerae entre 1997 y 1999 mostraron promedios de resistencia de 19 por ciento a cotrimoxazol, 12,1 por ciento a tetraciclina y 10,2 por ciento a ampicilina. A partir del año 2000, no se reportaron casos, por lo que se recibieron pocas cepas de esta especie. Se evidencia el problema de resistencia de Shigella frente a ampicilina, cloramfenicol y cotrimoxazol.

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistence is a public health problem, in this study we present results of antimicrobial resistance between 1997 and 2002 in Salmonella, Shigella, and Vibrio cholerae strains from regional reference laboratories and various health units that were assessed by the Peruvian National Institute of Health. Identification confirmation was performed using biochemical tests and serotyping; susceptibility testing was performed using disk-difusion tests. 524 Salmonella strains, 1034 Shigella strains, and 603 Vibrio cholerae strains were studied. 74,4 per cent Shigella strains were ampicillin-resistant; 65.9 per cent were chloramphenicol resistant, and 72,2 per cent were cotrimoxazole resistant. 3,46 per cent Salmonella strains were ampicillin resistant; 2.83 per cent were chloramphenicol resistant, 3,9 per cent were gentamycin resistent, and 1,1 per cent were cotrimoxazole resistant. 19 per cent Vibrio cholerae strains were cotrimoxazole resistant, 12,1 per cent were tetracyclin resistant, and 10.2 per cent were ampicillin-resistant between 1997 and 1999. Since year 2000, no Vibrio cholerae cases were reported, and we received very few strains of this species. There is evidence of Shigella resitance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole.