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Culture- and antigen-negative meningitis in Guatemalan children / Meningitis negativa a pruebas antigénicas y de cultivo en niños guatemaltecos
Dueger, Erica L; Asturias, Edwin J; Halsey, Neal A.
  • Dueger, Erica L; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. International Emerging Infections Program.
  • Asturias, Edwin J; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. International Health. Baltimore. US
  • Halsey, Neal A; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. International Health. Baltimore. US
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 24(4): 248-255, oct. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-500460
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To compare children with confirmed bacterial meningitis (CBM) and those with culture- and latex-negative meningitis (CLN).

METHODS:

Children 1 to 59 months of age admitted to three major referral hospitals in Guatemala City with clinical signs compatible with bacterial infections were evaluated prospectively between 1 October 1996 and 31 December 2005. Bacterial cultures and latex agglutination antigen testing were performed on samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

RESULTS:

The case-fatality rate was significantly higher in the 493 children with CBM than in the 528 children with CLN (27.6 percent and 14.9 percent, respectively; P < 0.001). Children with CBM were less likely to have received antibiotics and more likely to have seizures, shock, or coma on admission than children with CLN. Among the 182 CBM survivors and 205 CLN survivors studied between October 2000 and December 2005, clinically observed sequelae were present at discharge in a higher percentage of the CBM than of the CLN group (78.6 percent and 46.8 percent, respectively; P < 0.0001). CSF glucose < 10 mg/dL, peripheral neutrophils < 2 000 cells/mm³, coma or shock at admission, and concurrent sepsis or pneumonia were risk factors for mortality in children with CBM; only coma or shock at admission predicted mortality in children with CLN.

CONCLUSIONS:

The high case-fatality and sequelae rates suggest that many children with CLN may have had bacterial meningitis. Estimates based on confirmed meningitis alone underestimate the true vaccine-preventable disease burden. Additional studies to determine etiologies of CLN in this population are indicated.
RESUMEN

OBJETIVO:

Comparar los casos infantiles de meningitis bacteriana confirmada (MBC) y meningitis negativa a pruebas de látex y de cultivo (MNLC).

MÉTODOS:

Se evaluaron los niños de 1 a 59 meses de edad ingresados en tres grandes hospitales de referencia de la Ciudad de Guatemala entre el 1 de octubre de 1996 y el 31 de diciembre de 2005 con signos clínicos de infección bacteriana. Se realizaron cultivos bacterianos y pruebas de aglutinación antigénica con látex en muestras de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR).

RESULTADOS:

La tasa de letalidad fue significativamente mayor en los 493 niños con MBC que en los 528 niños con MNLC (27,6 por ciento y 14,9 por ciento, respectivamente; P < 0,001). Los niños con MBC tuvieron menor probabilidad de recibir antibióticos y mayor de sufrir convulsiones, choques o entrar en coma al ser ingresados que los niños con MNLC. Se observó un mayor porcentaje de manifestaciones clínicas de secuelas al alta hospitalaria en los 182 niños sobrevivientes con MBC que en los 205 sobrevivientes con MNLC estudiados entre octubre de 2000 y diciembre de 2005 (78,6 por ciento y 46,8 por ciento, respectivamente; P < 0,0001). Los factores de riesgo de muerte en los niños con MBC fueron glucosa en LCR < 10 mg/dL, neutrófilos periféricos < 2 000 células/mm³, coma o choque al ingreso, y sepsis o neumonía concurrentes; solo el coma y el choque al ingreso predijeron la muerte en niños con MNLC.

CONCLUSIONES:

Las altas tasas de letalidad y de secuelas indican que muchos niños con MNLC pueden haber tenido meningitis bacteriana. Las estadísticas basadas solamente en los casos confirmados de meningitis subestiman la verdadera carga de enfermedad prevenible mediante vacuna. Se deben emprender estudios adicionales para determinar las etiologías de la MNLC en esta población.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Meningitis, Bacterial Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male / Infant, Newborn Country/Region as subject: Central America / Guatemala Language: English Journal: Rev. panam. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2008 Type: Article Affiliation country: United States Institution/Affiliation country: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/US

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Meningitis, Bacterial Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male / Infant, Newborn Country/Region as subject: Central America / Guatemala Language: English Journal: Rev. panam. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2008 Type: Article Affiliation country: United States Institution/Affiliation country: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/US