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Insuficiência renal aguda e rabdomiólise induzida pelo uso de estatina: relato de caso / Acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis induced by statin: case report
Siqueira, Maria Eduarda Menezes de; Francalacci, Luis Claudio; Pereira, Camila Girardi.
  • Siqueira, Maria Eduarda Menezes de; Hospital Santa Isabel. BR
  • Francalacci, Luis Claudio; Hospital Santa Isabel. BR
  • Pereira, Camila Girardi; Hospital Santa Isabel. BR
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 6(6): 273-275, nov.-dez. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-502530
RESUMO
JUSTIFICATIVA E

OBJETIVOS:

A habilidade das estatinas em reduzir a morbimortalidade dos pacientes com dislipidemia está bem estabelecida. Os efeitos adversos são geralmente leves e temporários. As complicações mais importantes e indesejáveis são a elevação das enzimas hepáticas, miopatia e rabdomiólise, que se caracteriza por necrose muscular, mioglobinúria e insuficiência renal aguda. No geral, as estatinas estão relacionadas a um pequeno risco de miopatia que pode progredir para rabdomiólise fatal ou não fatal. A incidência está relacionada com a dose e o uso concomitante de agentes que compartilham a mesma via metabólica das estatinas. A insuficiência renal aguda é a mais temida complicação da rabdomiólise e a principal causa de óbito. O reconhecimento e tratamento precoce podem prevenir a progressão da rabdomiólise. RELATO DO CASO Paciente do sexo masculino, 57 anos, sem história prévia de doença renal evolui com insuficiência renal aguda e rabdomiólise, induzida por alta dose de estatina (sinvastatina 80 mg/dia).

CONCLUSÃO:

Os clínicos devem estar alerta para as interações medicamentosas das estatinas a fim de minimizar o risco de miopatia. Ao prescrever estatinas o médico deve considerar as comorbidades e fatores de risco, incluindo uso de múltiplas medicações, e iniciar estatina com a menor dose possível em idosos. Se houver suspeita deste efeito adverso, o fármaco deve ser suspenso.(AU)
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND

OBJECTIVES:

The ability of statins to reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbimortality in patients with dyslipidemia is well established. The adverse effects associated with statins are usually mild and transient. The most noteworthy adverse effects associated with statins are elevations in liver transaminasis, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, which is characterized by massive muscle necrosis, myoglobinuria and acute renal failure. In general, statins are associated with a very small risk of myopathy (with may progress to fatal or nonfatal rhabdomyolysis). The incidence is dose related and is increased when statins are used in combination with agents that share common metabolic pathways. Acute renal failure is the most serious complication of rhabdomyolysis and the main cause of death. Early recognition and treatment may prevent the progression of rhabdomyolysis. CASE REPORT A 57 year-old-man, with no history of renal dysfunction presented with acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis induced by high-dose statin (simvastatin 80 mg/day).

CONCLUSION:

Clinicians should be alert for drug-drug interactions to minimize the risk of myopathy. The prescribing physician should consider the co-morbid risk factors, including polypharmacy, and initiate statin at a lower dose in the elderly. If rhabdomyolysis is suspected the statin therapy should be withdrawn.(AU)
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Rhabdomyolysis / Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Renal Insufficiency Type of study: Etiology study / Risk factors Limits: Humans / Male Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd Journal subject: Therapeutics Year: 2008 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Santa Isabel/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Rhabdomyolysis / Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Renal Insufficiency Type of study: Etiology study / Risk factors Limits: Humans / Male Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd Journal subject: Therapeutics Year: 2008 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Santa Isabel/BR