Características anatomopatológicas e dados epidemiológicos de pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico na Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand / Anatomicopathological characteristics and epidemiological data of breast cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment at Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand

RESUMO

O câncer é uma doença genética que envolve a perda do complexo controle da proliferação celular, desencadeando o crescimento de massas anormais. Dos tipos de câncer mais prevalentes no Brasil, o de mama é o que acomete as mulheres, sendo o principal responsável pelos óbitos neste grupo. São vários os fatores de risco envolvidos no câncer de mama, sendo a história familiar o principal. Apesar de técnicas mais avançadas em rastrear a doença em níveis subclínicos (mamografia, ultra-sonografia), a taxa de mortalidade permanece alta mesmo nos países desenvolvidos. Este trabalho visou a estudar os aspectos anátomo-histopatológico e sociobiológicos das pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico na Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand (Meac), da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). O presente estudo revelou que as pacientes apresentaram lesões avançadas, 78% tinham metástase ganglionar. Um número significativo (14%) possuía história familiar. Estes dados mostram a gravidade do câncer de mama em nossa região e a necessidade de diagnóstico precoce.

ABSTRACT

Cancer is a genetic disease involving in the deregulation on the complex network of the cell proliferation, resulting in growth of abnormal tissue. Breast cancer is the main cancer among women in Brazil and is greatly responsible for deaths among them. There are many risk factors for breast cancer, but the familial history is the most important. Although there are advanced screening techniques for the disease at sub-clinical levels (mammography, ultrasonography), the most common way is the auto-exam and the clinical exam, but in both, most of the time, the detection occurs just when the cancer is already installed. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of endanger through the anatomic histopathological classification and correlated it with the socio-biological conditions of the patients with breast cancer that undergone surgery in the Meac-UFC. The present study showed that the patients had extent lesions and most of them (78%) had ganglionar methastases. A significant number (14%) had familial history. These data also indicated that the breast cancer campaigns are not producing results for a considerable fraction of the population in this region.