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Marginally low copper causes lesions of the midbrain in animal models: the implications for man
Joseph, J; Alleyne, T; Adogwa, A.
  • Joseph, J; University of the West Indies. Faculty of Medical Sciences. Biochemistry Unit. St Augustine. TT
  • Alleyne, T; University of the West Indies. Faculty of Medical Sciences. Biochemistry Unit. St Augustine. TT
  • Adogwa, A; University of the West Indies. Faculty of Medical Sciences. School of Veterinary Medicine. St Augustine. TT
West Indian med. j ; 56(6): 481-486, Dec. 2007. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-507261
ABSTRACT
Serum copper levels must be maintained between very strict limits for the maintenance of good health. High levels have recently been linked to Alzheimer's disease while low levels during pregnancy cause enzootic ataxia (swayback disease) in offspring. In this study, we investigated the prolonged effect of serum copper that was maintained at and around 0.5 ppm, the level presently regarded as safe. Pregnant sheep and rabbits in the last trimester (1-4 weeks) of pregnancy were treated with the copper chelator ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM). Treatment was continued until the young were one month old at which time the animals were sacrificed Serum copper levels of the parents and offspring were monitored by atomic absorption. The difference spectra (400-630 nm) was examined and SDS PAGE was used to evaluate the protein composition of the brain mitochondria. The anatomy of the midbrain was also studied. Although the young sheep and rabbits from the ATM-treated mothers showed no visible signs of disability or swayback disease, the midbrain of those young animals with serum copper between 0.3-0.9 ppm showed evidence of vacuolation, cavitation and chromatolysis. In contrast, the difference spectra and the protein composition of the brain mitochondria from these animals were all normal. These results suggest that although animals may appear normal and exhibit some normal biochemical markers, serum copper in the region of 0.5 ppm may not be safe for some breeds of sheep or rabbits. It is possible that a similar situation applies to man.
RESUMEN
Los niveles séricos cúpricos tienen que ser mantenidos dentro de límites muy estrictos, si se quiere tener una buena salud. Los altos niveles de cobre han sido asociados recientemente con la enfermedad de Alzheimer, mientras que los niveles bajos durante el embarazo causan ataxia enzoótica (swayback) enla descendencia. En este estudio investigamos el efecto prolongado del cobre sérico mantenido a 0.5 ppm ó alrededor de 0.5 ppm – el nivel considerado seguro actualmente. Ovejas y conejas preñadas, en el último trimestre (1-4 semanas) de gestación, fueron tratadas con el quelante del cobre conocido como tetratiomolibdato de amonio (TM). El tratamiento continuó hasta que las crías tuvieron un mes,momento en el que los animales fueron sacrificados. Los niveles séricos cúpricos de los progenitores y la progenie fueron monitoreados mediante absorción atómica. Se examinaron los espectros de diferencia (400– 630 nm). Se usó la técnica de SDS-PAGE para evaluar la composición proteica de lasmitocondrias cerebrales. También se estudió la anatomía del mesencéfalo. Aunque la anatomía de las crías de ovejas y conejas madres tratadas con TM no mostraron señales visibles de discapacidad o enfermedad swayback, el mesencéfalo de estas crías con cobre sérico entre 0.3–0.9 ppm, mostróevidencias de vacuolación, cavitación y cromatolisis. En contraste con ello, los espectros de diferencia y la composición proteica de las mitocondrias del cerebro de estos animales, fueron todos normales. Estos resultados sugieren que aunque los animales puedan parecer normales y presentar marcas bioquímicas normales, el cobre sérico en el rango de 0.5 ppm, puede no ser seguro para algunas crías de ovejas y conejos. Es posible que una situación similar se aplique al ser humano.
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Mesencephalon / Copper Type of study: Etiology study Limits: Animals / Female / Humans / Pregnancy Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Trinidad and Tobago Institution/Affiliation country: University of the West Indies/TT

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Mesencephalon / Copper Type of study: Etiology study Limits: Animals / Female / Humans / Pregnancy Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2007 Type: Article Affiliation country: Trinidad and Tobago Institution/Affiliation country: University of the West Indies/TT