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Status cognitivo-comportamental de prematuros de baixo peso ao nascimento em idade pré-escolar que vivem em país em desenvolvimento / Cognitive and behavioral status of low birth weight preterm children raised in a developing country at preschool age
Espírito Santo, Júlia L. do; Portuguez, Mirna W; Nunes, Magda L.
  • Espírito Santo, Júlia L. do; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Hospital São Lucas. Divison of Neurology. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Portuguez, Mirna W; PUCRS. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR
  • Nunes, Magda L; PUCRS. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 85(1): 35-41, jan.-fev. 2009. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-507697
RESUMO

OBJETIVO:

Avaliar o desenvolvimento cognitivo e comportamental em idade pré-escolar de crianças prematuras com baixo peso ao nascimento que vivem em um país em desenvolvimento.

MÉTODOS:

Estudo transversal prospectivo de 80 recém-nascidos de um hospital universitário no sul do Brasil. A avaliação neuropsicológica aos 4-5 anos de idade incluiu a Escala de Inteligência de Wechsler para a Idade Pré-Escolar e Primária (WPPSI), a Escala de Conners para Pais Revisada (CPRS-R), o teste de Denver e exames neurológicos. As informações de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor inicial e perinatal foram coletadas a partir do banco de dados durante o acompanhamento. Os resultados foram relacionados com o peso ao nascimento, o sexo e a idade gestacional.

RESULTADOS:

Os escores da WPPSI foram quociente de inteligência (QI) total 88,00±16,96, QI verbal 89,72±16,72 e QI executivo 88,12±15,71 para o grupo com menos de 1.500 gramas; e QI total 91,11±14,73, QI verbal 93,36±12,65 e QI executivo 90,20±16,06 para o grupo entre 1.500 e 2.500 gramas. Os melhores escores foram obtidos em testes que avaliaram a capacidade de abstração e simbolização, completar figuras e percepção comum, nos quais apenas 5 e 6,3 por cento das crianças apresentaram resultados anormais, respectivamente. Os menores escores foram obtidos em testes que avaliam a coordenação visual-motora e a flexibilidade-velocidade de raciocínio, nos quais 27,5 e 16,3 por cento das crianças tiveram resultados anormais, respectivamente. No total, 32,5 por cento das crianças tiveram resultados anormais em testes aritméticos. Comportamentos relacionados com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH) foram observados em 48 por cento da amostra. Os baixos resultados na Escala Mental de Bayley e o resultado anormal no teste de Denver apresentaram correlação significativa com o TDAH (p = 0,017 e p = 0,004). Os resultados anormais na Escala Mental de Bayley (p < 0.001), teste de Denver (p < 0,001)...
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To assess cognitive and behavioral development at preschool age of children born preterm and with low birth weight and raised in a developing country.

METHODS:

Prospective cross-sectional study of 80 neonates born in a university hospital in southern Brazil. Neuropsychological assessment at age 4-5 years included the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised, Denver test and neurological examination. Perinatal and early neuropsychomotor development information was collected from the database during follow-up. Results were related to birth weight, sex and gestational age.

RESULTS:

WPPSI scores were total IQ 88.00±16.96, verbal IQ 89.72±16.72, and executive IQ 88.12±15.71 for the group with less than 1,500 grams; and total IQ 91.11±14.73, verbal IQ 93.36±12.65, and executive IQ 90.20±16.06 for the group between 1,500 and 2,500 grams. The best scores were obtained in tests that evaluated capacity of abstraction and symbolization, picture completion and common perception, in which only 5 percent and 6.3 percent of the children had abnormal results, respectively. The lowest scores were obtained in tests that evaluated visual-motor coordination and flexibility-speed of reasoning, in which 27.5 percent and 16.3 percent of the children had abnormal results, respectively. A total of 32.5 percent had abnormal results in the arithmetic tests. Behaviors related to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were observed in 48 percent of the sample. Low score in the Bayley Mental Scale and abnormal result in the Denver test were significantly correlated to ADHD (p = 0.017 and p = 0.004). Abnormal results in the Bayley Mental Scale (p < 0.001), Denver test (p < 0.001) and neurological examination (p = 0.002) were associated with lower IQ.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results revealed an increased incidence of behavioral and cognitive disorders at preschool age.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Infant, Low Birth Weight / Child Behavior / Child Development / Premature Birth / Intelligence Type of study: Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors Limits: Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male / Infant, Newborn Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English / Portuguese Journal: J. pediatr. (Rio J.) Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: PUCRS/BR / Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Infant, Low Birth Weight / Child Behavior / Child Development / Premature Birth / Intelligence Type of study: Observational study / Prevalence study / Risk factors Limits: Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male / Infant, Newborn Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English / Portuguese Journal: J. pediatr. (Rio J.) Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: PUCRS/BR / Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul/BR