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Ant-plant associations in different forests in Venezuela / Associações formiga-planta em diferentes florestas na Venezuela
Goitía, William; Jaffé, Klaus.
  • Goitía, William; Universidad Simón Rodríguez. VE
  • Jaffé, Klaus; Universidad Simón Bolívar. VE
Neotrop. entomol ; 38(1): 7-31, Jan.-Feb. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-510399
ABSTRACT
We evaluated the hypothesis that the abundance and species distribution of two different kinds of myrmecophilous plants is influenced differently by the ant diversity and abundance. In eight different natural forests in Venezuela we estimated the species richness and abundance of plants, ants on the soil and on the canopy, the leaf damage of plants and soil nutrients. The main results of the study show that plants with domatia (PD) and plants with extrafloral nectaries (PEFN) have different relationships with ants and suffer from different ecological constraints. PD attract a more specific group of ants than PEFN. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that domatia are adaptations that help plants to increase rare nutrient uptake rather than for herbivore defense. We found that PEFN attract a larger variety of ant species than PD, and ant abundance seems to limit the ecological range of PEFN. The attraction of ants as a mechanism to reduce herbivory, as done by PEFN, does not seem to be superior to alternative anti-herbivore mechanisms used by other plants. Contrary to many former studies, we found that ants are generally more diverse on the soil compared to canopies.
RESUMO
Avaliou-se a hipótese de que a distribuição da abundância e o número de espécie de dois tipos diferentes de plantas mirmecófilas são influenciadas diferentemente pela diversidade e pela abundância de formigas. Em oito florestas naturais diferentes na Venezuela nós estimamos a riqueza de espécies e a abundância de plantas, de formigas no solo e no dossel, os danos às folhas e os nutrientes do solo. Os resultados mostram que as plantas com domácias para alojar formigas e plantas com nectários extraflorais (PEFN) têm relacionamentos diferentes com formigas e sofrem confinamentos ecológicos diferentes. As plantas com domácias atraem um grupo mais específico de formigas do que as PEFN. Os resultados são consistentes com a hipótese de que as domácias são adaptações que ajudam a planta a aumentar o acesso a nutrientes escassos para a defesa de herbívoros. PEFN atraem uma variedade maior da espécie de formigas do que as plantas com domácias, e a abundância de formigas parece limitar a escala ecológica de PEFN. A atração das formigas como mecanismo para reduzir a herbivoria, como feito por PEFN, não parece ser superior aos mecanismos alternativos de prevenção de herbivoria usados por outras plantas. Contrário a muitos estudos anteriores, as formigas mostraram-se geralmente mais diversas no solo comparado ao dossel.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Ants / Trees / Ecosystem Type of study: Risk factors Limits: Animals Country/Region as subject: South America / Venezuela Language: English Journal: Neotrop. entomol Journal subject: Biology / ZOOLOGIA Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Venezuela Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Simón Bolívar/VE / Universidad Simón Rodríguez/VE

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Ants / Trees / Ecosystem Type of study: Risk factors Limits: Animals Country/Region as subject: South America / Venezuela Language: English Journal: Neotrop. entomol Journal subject: Biology / ZOOLOGIA Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Venezuela Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Simón Bolívar/VE / Universidad Simón Rodríguez/VE