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Análise de pacientes com leucemia mieloide crônica com resistência primária ou secundária ao mesilato de imatinibe / Analysis of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients with primary or secondary resistance to imatinib mesylate
Alves, Rita de Cássia S.
  • Alves, Rita de Cássia S; Santa Casa de São Paulo. São Paulo. BR
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 31(3): 166-177, 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-523144
RESUMO
O mesilato de imatinibe, como terapia alvo, se revelou altamente eficiente na leucemia mielóide crônica. Um desafio é a resistência primária ou secundária, principalmente nas fases avançadas da doença. Na secundária, as mutações pontuais no domínio quinase ABL são o mecanismo mais frequente. Estudou-se no período de outubro de 2000 a dezembro de 2005, 112 pacientes no Serviço de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da Santa Casa de São Paulo. O objetivo foi caracterizar o perfil dos resistentes e pesquisar a presença de mutação. Encontrou-se maior porcentagem de resistentes nas fases mais avançadas. Foram fatores de risco para resistência na fase crônica o número de plaquetas superior a 450.000/mm³ pré-imatinibe ou plaquetas inferior a 50.000/mm³ durante o tratamento. A taxa de resposta hematológica completa e o tempo para obtenção foram semelhantes entre os resistentes e não resistentes. Observou-se menor sobrevida global nos resistentes. Destacaram-se dez pacientes resistentes com resposta citogenética completa pós 12 meses, "responsivos tardios", cuja freqüência de resposta hematológica e citogenética foi semelhante aos não resistentes (100 por cento). A sobrevida livre de progressão foi similar até aos 40 meses e a sobrevida global até aos 70 meses. A sobrevida global e as respostas foram superiores aos demais resistentes. Referente à pesquisa de mutação, analisou-se 22 resistentes, dos quais oito apresentaram mutação (36,4 por cento). Caracterizou-se maior risco para a condição de mutação, a presença de blastos no sangue periférico ao diagnóstico nos pacientes em fase crônica.
ABSTRACT
Imatinib mesylate, as target therapy, is highly efficient in chronic myelogenous leukemia. A challenge is primary and secondary resistance, particularly in the advanced phases of the disease. In secondary resistance, point mutations in the ABL dominion are the most common mechanism. From October 2000 to December 2005, 112 patients were investigated in the Hematology and Hemotherapy Service of Santa Casa of Sao Paulo. The aim was to characterize the profile of resistance and study the presence of the mutation. The majority of resistant patients were in the most advanced phases of the disease. Risk factors for resistance in the chronic phase were a platelet count higher than 450,000/mm3 before imatinib treatment or less than 50,000/mm3 during treatment. The total hematological response rate and the time to achieve this were similar between resistant and non-resistant patients. Lower overall survival was observed with resistance. It was notable that ten resistant patients had complete cytogenetic responses after 12 months (late responses) with both hematological and cytogenetic response rates similar to non-resistant patients (100 percent). Survival free from progression was similar up to 40 months and the overall survival rate was comparable up to 70 months. The overall survival and response to treatment were better than for the other resistant patients. In respect to the investigation of mutations, 22 resistant patients were investigated with eight presenting with the mutation (36.4 percent) The presence of blast cells in the peripheral blood at diagnosis of patients in the chronic phase was characterized as a higher risk factor for this mutation.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Drug Resistance / Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Mesylates / Mutation Type of study: Risk factors Limits: Humans Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter Journal subject: Hematology Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Santa Casa de São Paulo/BR

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Drug Resistance / Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Mesylates / Mutation Type of study: Risk factors Limits: Humans Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter Journal subject: Hematology Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Santa Casa de São Paulo/BR