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Manejo psicofarmacológico en la vejez / Psychopharmacological management in elderly patients
Kabanchik, Alicia.
  • Kabanchik, Alicia; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Buenos Aires. AR
Psicofarmacologia (B. Aires) ; 9(56): 26-34, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-533060
RESUMEN
Debido al aumento de la tasa de envejecimiento poblacional, las consultas psicopatológicas de este grupo etario se han incrementado, tendencia que parece continuar. La depresión ocupa de un 25 a un 30% de las consultas; suele ser subdiagnosticada y, en consecuencia, subtratada. Debido a esto, es de suma importancia conocer acerca de los procesos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales del envejecimiento, para dar lugar a un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados y un uso racional de los psicofármacos. Para ello, debemos conocer la farmacocinética y la farmacodinamia en la población adulta mayor a fin de evitar la polifarmacia, tan frecuente en este grupo. En este trabajo se describen las diferencias farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas entre el anciano y el adulto joven, las modificaciones en la absorción, la distribución, el metabolismo y la excreción relacionados con la edad, las diferencias en las respuestas a fármacos en relación a la cantidad y la sensibilidad de receptores en diferentes tejidos y la integridad de los mecanismos homeostáticos. Haciendo eje en los antidepresivos, se presenta una comparación de las vidas medias de estos fármacos y sus metabolitos en adultos y adultos mayores, así como las precauciones sugeridas al inicio y durante la medicación, las dosis para menores y mayores de 80 años y el tiempo de mantenimiento de la misma. Finalmente, se plantea la importancia de seleccionar el antidepresivo que más se ajuste al perfil de la depresión (inhibida, ansiosa) uni o bipolar, que posea mejores posibilidades de cumplimiento y que haya demostrado su eficacia, ala vez que se analizan diferentes estudios controlados, comparados y aleatorizados del uso de antidepresivos en adultos mayores.
ABSTRACT
A rise in the rate of population ageing has led to an increase in the number of psychopathological consultations across this age group, which is an ongoing trend. Depression accounts for 25 % to 30 % of consultations, and is usually underdiagnosed and, consequently, undertreated. it is therefore extremely important to be acquainted with the biological, psychological and social processes involve in ageing, since this will allow an appropriate treatment and diagnosis, as well as a rational use of psychopharmacological drugs. Hence, it is necessary to know about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in elderly adult population to avoid plypharmacy, which is so frequent within this group. This article provides a description of the pharmacocinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between the elderly individual and the young adult, the changes in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion related with ageing, as well as the differences in the responses to pharmacological drugs, in terms of the quantity and sensitivity of the receptors from different tissues, and the integrity of the homeostatic mechanisms. A comparison is made, among adults and elderly adults, between the medium lifetime of such pharmacological drugs and the¡r metabolites, laying emphasis on antidepressants. The article also makes reference to the precautions that are suggested at the beginning of and during the administration of the medications, the doses for patients below and above the age of 80 years-old, as well as the length of maintenance of such doses. Finally, we discuss the importance of selecting an antidepressant that better adjusts to the depression profile (covert, anxious), unipolar or bipolar, that can offer a better chance of performance and that has proven efficacy. We also analyse the different controlled, comparative and randomized studies on the use of antidepresants in elderly adults.
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Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Psychopharmacology / Aged / Pharmacokinetics / Health of the Elderly / Substance-Related Disorders / Depressive Disorder / Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Type of study: Controlled clinical trial Limits: Aged / Aged80 / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Psicofarmacologia (B. Aires) Journal subject: Pharmacology / Psychology / Psychiatry Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Buenos Aires/AR

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Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Psychopharmacology / Aged / Pharmacokinetics / Health of the Elderly / Substance-Related Disorders / Depressive Disorder / Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Type of study: Controlled clinical trial Limits: Aged / Aged80 / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Psicofarmacologia (B. Aires) Journal subject: Pharmacology / Psychology / Psychiatry Year: 2009 Type: Article Affiliation country: Argentina Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Buenos Aires/AR