Qualidade de vida e nível de atividade física de pacientes em fase ambulatorial da reabilitação cardíaca / Quality of life and physical activity level in outpatients from cardiac rehabilitation

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o nível de atividade física (ATF) e de qualidade de vida (QV) de pacientes submetidos à fase ambulatorial da reabilitação cardíaca (RC). Realizou-se um estudo transversal, com amostra recrutada em 7 serviços especializados em RC de Brasília-DF. Participaram 52 voluntários (44 homens; 84,6%), com idade de 66,2 dp10,8 anos. Empregou-se o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) para avaliar o nível de ATF e o Medical Outcome Study 36-itens Short-Form (SF-36) para avaliar QV. Comparou-se o tempo de RC com cada domínio do SF-36 (teste de Krusskal- Wallis; post hoc de Dunn). Calculou-se a correlação de Spearman entre os domínios do SF-36 e o tempo de RC. Empregou-se estatística não-paramétrica com nível de significância de 5%. 36 participantes (69,2%) eram suficientemente ativos. Os valores medianos (extremos) nos 8 domínios do SF-36 foram capacidade funcional 80,0 (0,0 à 100,0); limitação por aspecto físico (LAF) 100,0 (0,0 à 100,0); dor 84,0 (10,0 à 100,0); estado geral de saúde 74,5 (22,0 à 100,0); vitalidade 80,0 (25,0 à 100,0); aspectos sociais 87,5 (25,0 à 100,0); aspectos emocionais (AE) 100,0 (0,0 à 100,0) e saúde mental 82,0 (40,0 à 100,0). Observou-se correlação entre tempo de RC e os domínios LAF (rs=0,46; p<0,01) e vitalidade (rs=0,35; p<0,02). Os valores de AE e LAF foram maiores naqueles com mais de 12 meses de RC, comparativamente àqueles entre 6 e 12 meses e àqueles com menos de 6 meses, respectivamente (p<0,01). Concluiu-se que os voluntários apresentaram elevado nível de QV, mas nem todos atingiam o mínimo de ATF preconizada para a saúde.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to describe the physical activity (PA) level and quality of life (QOL) in patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs. A cross-sectional study was performed among volunteers recruited from 7 CR-specialized services in Brasília-DF. 52 volunteers aging 66.2 sd 10.8 years were evaluated (44 men; 86.6%). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Medical Outcome Study 36-itens Short-form (SF-36) were used to evaluate the PA level and QOL, respectively. We compared the total time spent on CR program with each SF-36 domain (Kruskal-Wallis test; post hoc de Dunn). The Spearman correlation was calculated for all SF-36 domain and the time spent on CR. A nonparametric analysis was used, with a 5% level of significance. 36 volunteers (69.2%) were physically active. Median values (limits) in the 8 domains of SF-36 were physical functioning 80.0 (0.0 to 100.0); role physical (RP) 100.0 (0.0 to 100.0); bodily pain 84.0 (10.0 to 100.0); general health 74.5 (22.0 to 100.0); vitality 80.0 (25.0 to 100.0); social functioning 87.5 (25.0 to 100.0); role emotional (RE) 100.0 (0.0 to 100.0) and mental health 82.0 (40.0 to 100.0). There was a positive correlation between CR duration and RP domain (rs=0.46; p<0.01) and vitality (rs=0.35; p<0.02). In the RE domain, the values of QOL were higher in individuals with more than 12 months on CR, comparing to those with 6 to 12 months. These values were also higher than those with less than 6 months of CR, in the RP domain (p<0.01). Therefore, we concluded that the study participants showed high levels of QOL, but some have not reached the minimum PA level recommended for health promotion.