Características de vivienda como factores de riesgo para malaria en un área endémica del Perú / Characteristics of housing as Risk factors for malaria in an endemic area of Peru

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Identificar las características de la vivienda, domiciliarias y peridomiciliarias, que son factores de riesgo para malaria por Plasmodium vivax en un área endémica del norte peruano. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles pareado, los casos fueron personas con manifestaciones clínicas y examen microscópico positivo a Plasmodium vivax, los controles fueron individuos con examen negativo al parásito y del mismo sexo, edad y localidad que los casos. Resultados: Se identificaron como factores de riesgo de la vivienda pared de adobe sin enlucir (OR = 8,54 IC 95% 1,42 – 51,53), pared de quincha o estera (OR = 85,31 IC 95% 8,10 - 899,08), áreas sin techo (OR = 4,20 IC 95% 1,60 - 11,04), río o acequia (OR = 25,11 IC 95% 4,67 – 134,93) y pozo artesanal cercanos a la vivienda (OR = 90,98; IC 95% 7,98 – 1036,66); y cultivos de frutales o algodón cercanos a la vivienda (OR = 7,17 IC 95% 1,85 - 27,87). Conclusión: Algunas características de la vivienda en esta zona endémica están asociadas a malaria como importantes factores en su transmisión.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify housing characteristics, domiciliary and peridomiciliary, those are risk factors for Plasmodium vivax malaria in an endemic area of the north of Peru. Materials and Methods: A paired case - control study was carried out, cases were individuals who had clinical manifestation and positive microscopic exam to Plasmodium vivax, and the controls those individuals negative to the exam and the same age, sex, village of residence as the cases. Results: As housing risk factors were identified wall of adobe without plaster (OR = 8.54 95% CI 1.42 – 51.53), wall of quincha or mats (OR = 85.31 IC 95% 8.10 – 899.08), areas without roof (OR = 4.20 IC 95% 1,60 - 11,04), river or canal (OR = 25.11 IC 95% 4.67 – 134.93) and artesian well closer to the house (OR = 90,98; IC 95% 7.98 – 1036.66); and crops of fruits or cotton closer to the house (OR = 7.17 IC 95% 1.85 – 27.87). Conclusion: Some characteristics of the housing in this endemic area are associated to malaria like important factors in their transmission.