Aspectos psicosociales en universitarias embarazadas / Psychosocial aspects regarding pregnant university students

RESUMEN

Objetivo Determinar los aspectos psicosociales relacionados con el embarazo en estudiantes universitarias. Metodología A partir de la revisión de archivos y el muestreo intencional, se seleccionaron 68 estudiantes que tuvieron un embarazo adolescente. Mediante relatos de vida y entrevistas en profundidad se analizan las implicaciones del embarazo en la condición personal, familiar y académica. Resultados Durante el primer trimestre de embarazo, se generan crisis y ajustes en la estructura familiar y afectiva que culminan en la aceptación de la maternidad como proyecto de vida reproduciendo el estereotipo de madresolterismo. El acompañamiento de la pareja se da durante los primeros meses, seguido por abandono. Aunque prejuiciado, el apoyo de la comunidad universitaria incide en el interés por el desarrollo personal, académico y del bebé. Los servicios ofertados por la universidad, son poco utilizados aunque reconocen su importancia. Se consultan referentes especializados que asustan por su énfasis patológico, lo que conduce a informarse con fuentes familiares. La madre de la gestante es quién apoya permanentemente a su hija; no así el padre con quien, se presentan conflictos permanentes. Discusión Formar estudiantes integrales requiere programas que preparen responsablemente para la maternidad y paternidad. La prevención se traduce como promoción de vínculos afectivos saludables y el fortalecimiento en la comunicación familiar y social.

ABSTRACT

Objective Determining the subjective construction of psychosocial factors affecting pregnancy in adolescents in a sample of students. Methodology 68 students who had become pregnant during their adolescence were selected after reviewing their files and sampling by logical criteria. The implications of pregnancy on personal, family and academic conditions were analysed by means of life stories and in-depth interviews. Results Crises and adjustments appeared in family and affective structure during the first trimester of pregnancy which culminated in them accepting motherhood as part of their life project, thereby reproducing the single-mother stereotype. Accompaniment of the pair occurred mainly during the first months, followed by abandonment. Although prejudiced, the university community's support had a bearing on interest in personal and academic development and in the baby. Specialised referents were consulted which scared the girls due to their pathological emphasis, thereby leading to them consulting family sources. The pregnant girls' mothers provided ongoing support for their daughters; this was not true of the fathers with whom constant conflict was presented. The services offered by the university were little used even though their importance was recognised. Conclusions Forming integral students require programmes preparing students to be responsible for motherhood and fatherhood. Prevention was conveyed as promoting healthy affective links and strengthening family and social communication.